Now all these tenons and sockets accurately fitted one another, insomuch that the joints were invisible, and both seemed to be one entire and united wall.
Sometimes they were held together by tenons of metal or wood, but the builder depended for cohesion chiefly upon the way in which his materials were dressed and fixed.
Provide for the tenons beyond the lines shown by the square, or for a "flat-foot" brace, saw the timber off on the lines shown on the edge of the square.
The dotted lines on the ends of the brace show the tenons for which mortises are made in both post and girt or beam.
Now it must be lifted into place on the tenonsat the tops of the posts.
Men with handspikes hold back the foot of each post so that the tenons may not slip past the mortises as the huge beams are being pushed up into the air.
At last the tenons slip home and the first bent is stay-lathed in place.
They are put together, with all joints strongly pinned and laid overlapping one another on the foundation, with the tenons on the foot of each post ready to be entered into the mortises in the sills.
This is formed of two uprights and two cross-bars solidly joined together by tenons and mortises, so as to form a strong piece of carpentry, which is to be fixed up against a wall.
Repairing a Broken Tenon on a Chair Post [Illustration] Instead of cutting off the four posts to make new tenons where one tenon was broken I used a metal piece made from a short length of bicycle tubing, as shown.
The fellies of these wheels were removed, the tenons cut from the spokes and nails substituted, which were driven in their ends so that about 1/2 in.
It is a good idea to pin the tenons in place with two 1-in.
This will necessitate cutting the sides of the mortises very accurately, but this extra care will be more than compensated by not having to bother with the cutting of tenons on each end of the three back slats.
Illustration: Details of Table Construction] The table ends should be glued up first and the glue allowed to harden, after which the tenons of the shelf may be inserted and the side rails placed.
The dimensions for the tenons on all the larger pieces will be found on the drawing.
It is a good plan to lay out the mortise in the tenon at the same time the shoulders of the tenons are laid out.
Tenons should be thoroughly pinned to the sides of the mortises as shown in the illustration.
These tenons are to be glued and clamped--the ends of the chair being put together first.
From the tenonsmark the mortises in the sides through which they are to pass.
Illustration] The tenons and mortises are first cut for the crosspieces at the bottom of the posts, and, as it is best to use dowels at the top, holes are bored in the bottom piece and also the ends of the slats for pins.
Illustration: Details of Mission Chair Construction] The rails should next have the tenons cut on their ends.
Mark the tenons on the ends of the stretcher and cut them with a backsaw and make smooth with a chisel.
By doing so, if there are any slight differences in the lengths of the pieces this difference will be divided between the two tenons and no harm will be done.
With a shelf of the width specified for this table, if such allowance is not made so that the tenons may move sideways, the shrinkage would split the shelf.
Nails can be driven into the posts intersecting the tenons of the rails on the inside, as they will not show and will help to make the settee more solid.
For example, in assembling framed pieces that are doweled, it is well to glue the dowels into one set of holes beforehand, making tenons of them, as it were.
The projections on the other member are called tenons or pins, and the spaces between both tails and tenons are called mortises or sockets.
Wedges are commonly used in door construction between the edges of tenons and the insides of mortises which are slightly beveled, No.
Then the tenons may be laid out on the ends parallel to a straight-edge laid along the concave side.
Whenever there are several tenons of the same size to be cut, they should all be laid out together, that is the marking-gage set once to mark all face cheeks and once to mark all back cheeks.
Lay out and cut the tenons and mortises for the end rails and back rail.
At an angle where the stones were larger I observed that they were secured together by means of tenons and mortises of parallelepipedal form cut in the stone itself.
They are fastened together by tenons and mortises in the stone itself, or by cubical pieces inlaid, of a different stone from the block itself, and contain no cement.
By this name I indicate those walls whose stones are of considerable size and rudely squared, and which present some trace of irregular rustic-work, and are always fastened by tenons of stone or clamps of iron.
No one need fear any lack of perfect security, as these ties exceed in strength any hold that tenons could have.
Instead, the tenons in the gunwales were cut to slant upward from the inside, so that installation of the thwarts would cause the outboard face to flare outward at the top.
These gunwales would not be fitted with thwarts nor would the thwart tenons always be cut at this stage.
These two thwarts having been fitted, the tenons are pegged as before, but in the shoulders only one lashing hole is bored instead of the three employed in the middle thwart.
The second pair of thwarts is placed 30 inches, center to center, from the first pair, one at each end, and on the basis of this measurement the tenons are cut as for the others.
The tenons for the thwart ends were cut slanting, so that when the gunwales were made up they stood at a flare outward toward the top edge.
At this point thetenons may have then been cut in the main gunwales and the thwarts inserted.
However, the shoulders and ends of the tenonsmust be bevelled to follow the curve of the gunwales hence the extreme length of the thwart is actually very close to 26 inches.
These piles were slender, only about 4 inches in diameter, and showed no evidence of having either mortises or tenons by which they could be joined with the horizontal beams.
Major Kasiski inferred from the remains of the unfinished bridge, which showed the use of tenons and mortises, that it was of later date than the others.
These beams rested on upright piles, and contained a series of triangular holes as if for the tenons of wooden superstructures.
Tenons are cut on the ends of the rails to fit in the mortises made in the posts.
Lay out and shape the three horizontals as shown, working the tenons upon the ends of each and the mortises in the lower two for the tenons of the middle vertical.
Cut all the tenons with a backsaw and smooth them with a chisel.
The mortises can be laid out and cut or they can be left until the tenons on the side rails are all made, then marked and cut from each tenon.
In addition to the tenons on the rails, grooves should be cut in each for the ends of the slats to fit into as shown in the cross section in the detail drawing.
The tenons should fit good and tight in all the posts.
Cut the tenons on the rails to fit these mortises.
With the posts finished, lay out the end rails, cutting the tenons and the mortises into which the ends of the slats are to be fitted.
The mortises should be laid out in each pair of posts and then cut with a sharp chisel, or they can be left until the tenons are all made, and then marked and cut from each tenon.
Cut the tenons on the braces to fit these mortises.
Illustration: Detail of the Piano Bench] Lay out and work the tenons of the rails and stretcher.
The front and lower back rails are plain except for the tenons at each end, but the end rails and the center uprights should have grooves cut for the panels the same as the posts.
Illustration: Method of Fastening with Screws] Before gluing up the sides, cut the mortises in two lower rails for the tenons on the ends of the shelves.
The space between the two tenons at each end can be cut out with a bracket saw and finished with a rasp.
Next mark the mortises in the legs for the tenons of the rails.
Tenons are formed on both ends of the posts, and seatings and mortices at 4-ft.
These are preferable to tenons formed on the rails themselves.
The six side-posts are finished off square, and have tenons which fit into the plates.
As a rule three bands from which the ornamental work springs constitute the hinges, which have rings outside the hanging stiles fitting on to vertical tenons run into the masonry or wooden frame.
The separate stones are often bound together upon their horizontal surfaces by dovetails or tenons of wood.
Illustration] Evidently the early mason found the cutting of these tenons by no means an easy task, for, with two exceptions, the workmanship is not remarkable.
In the outer circle of Trilithons each upright had two tenons worked on its apex, to bear the two lintels or horizontal stones which rested upon it.
Place edge of chisel just outside of lines and chip off the little blocks, gradually shaving the tenons down to the lines.
If this is nicely done, the tenons will fit into the mortises so that the side edges and ends of the four long sticks will fit snugly on to the short ones.
To make the tenons or tongues which fit the mortises, measure one and one fourth inches from ends of short sticks, and with try-square draw line all round the stick.
Put a peg through long and short pieces at the tenons to keep them from coming apart.
As soon as the weather is warm enough hire a framer, whose business is to mark out all the tenons and mortices, and to make or superintend the making of them.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "tenons" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
