Heavy, square legs, and mortise and tenon joints are called for.
Mortise andtenon joints, draw-bored and pinned, were used at the corners.
It was therefore framed together with mortise and tenon joints, well glued.
The mortise andtenon joints give the essential stiffness and strength without requiring the use of heavy stock.
Mortise and tenonjoints should be used in the framing.
Illustration: Halved lap joint] [Illustration: Mortise and tenon joint] Character of the Frame.
It consists of a framework of ordinary thickness, put together usually with mortise and tenon joints.
This is the most convenient position for cutting the tenon and it also gives greater strength.
Illustration: How the centre uprights are halved on] In gluing up the mortise and tenon joints care must be exercised to set clamps out ready for use before the glue is applied so that the parts may be promptly drawn up in position.
The drawing shows the location of the tenon with reference to the part of the rail on which the shelf rests.
It is a common fault of beginners to be satisfied with loose mortise and tenon joints, counting upon the glue to fill up the spaces.
Joint for Mission Furniture The mortise for this joint is made in the usual manner, the only requirements being that the mortise is run through the piece, and the tenon is cut 1/8 in.
The supporting standard is constructed of oak, with mortise-and-tenon joints, as shown in Fig.
How to Lock a Tenoned Joint A tenon placed in a blind mortise can be permanently fastened, when putting the joints together, by two wedges driven in the end grain of the wood.
In some cases, where the wood to be used is very dry and brittle, it is advisable to dip the tenon in warm water before applying the glue.
The bottom of the mortise drives the wedges as the tenonis forced in place.
The tube rack is fastened to the back of this base by making a tenon on the lower end of each upright, and a mortise in the baseboard to receive it.
The end of the tenon and the mortise is then covered with a piece of metal, fastened with screws as shown.
Repairing a Broken Tenon on a Chair Post [Illustration] Instead of cutting off the four posts to make new tenons where one tenon was broken I used a metal piece made from a short length of bicycle tubing, as shown.
The glue must be applied immediately after thetenon is removed from the water, and then inserted in the mortise.
Illustration: The Vise Jaw as It is Attached to the Bench and the Substitute Screw Arrangement] The substitute A for the screw is a rectangular piece of wood and is fastened with a tenon in a mortise cut in the vise jaw B.
This name and age I assign to those that are built of unsquared stones of different sizes, some of which are fastened together by tenon and mortise; the interstices being filled with small stones.
The tenon is cut dovetail shape, and a long mortice permits the wide part of the tenon to go through, and it is secured with wood wedges.
It is formed by cutting a tenon on the trimmer joist and passing it through the side of the trimming joist and fixing it with a wood key.
But the tenon does not go through the full thickness of the timber; and also on the end of the tenon are inserted two wedges, so that when the tenon is driven home the wedges split it and wedge tightly into the mortice.
The tenon may have two shoulders, as shown at b, or only one, as at a, but in either case the mortises cut in the legs must exactly fit the tenon.
The whole front in this case may be put together with mortise and tenon joints, as in panel door construction, or the simpler method just described may be used.
The mortise and tenon form is the better way, and as usual takes more time.
In door construction, where the rails meet the stiles, the tenon is often divided, as shown by the dotted line.
The result is to draw the tenon tight, when the pin is driven home, and to make the joint a very snug one, as it should be.
The tenonis inserted snugly, and the bit again inserted until it makes a mark on the tenon.
In eachtenon was cut the square hole for the wedges.
The only objection to this is that if the horizontal space be limited, the projecting tenon may be in the way.
It calls for forty mortise andtenon joints, and as it is usually made in oak, it requires considerable time for laying out as well as for cutting.
The drawing of the long shelf explains itself, two tenons being cut at each end and a rectangular hole cut through each tenon for the wedge.
Relished mortise and tenon or door joint, a form used at the corners of doors.
The mortise andtenon joints should be glued, and a clamp used at top and bottom.
Or the end of a tenon may be split to receive the wedges, No.
By these means the tenon prevents lateral motion while the whole width of the beam presses against the abutment.
To make a blind mortise-and-tenon, first make the tenon thus: Locate accurately with a knife point the shoulders of the tenon and square entirely around the piece.
Set the marking-gage at the proper distance from the working face to one cheek of the tenon and gage the end and the two edges between the end and the knife-lines.
The tenon does not extend thru the mortised member and the cheeks of the tenon may be cut on two or four sides.
The cheeks of the tenon may be cut on two or four sides.
Reset the gage to mark the thickness of the tenon and gage that in the same way from the working face.
In the latter case the back strip may have a short barefaced blind tenon which is mortised into the upright, Fig.
Then mark and gage the width of the tenon in the same way.
But enough of the tenon is left full width to fill up the groove at the outer end of the mortised piece.
Bench made with Pinned Mortise-and-Tenon Joints, Low Back.
In addition the tenon saw was generally backed in iron and the sash saw in brass.
When it goes through properly and the tenon and shoulder fit snugly, the projecting end of the tenon can be sawed off after the whole job is done.
In the mortising just shown, there are only two shoulders where the tenon begins--that is, the tenon is made by only four cuts.
The tenon should be just large enough to drive through with a slight pressure and fit snugly without any wobbling around.
The hole for the pin is not bored through the tenon as just shown, but is bored a trifle nearer the shoulder of the tenon than the other holes (in the mortise-piece).
This principle of the lap joint is often carried a little further and we have the open mortise and tenon (Fig.
This can be done whether the tenongoes through the mortise-piece or only part way, as in a blind joint.
If you put it too far from the edge, its hold on the tenon will be weak and the end of the tenon may break out (shear).
Be careful not to cut beyond the line, so as to make the tenon too small.
If the hole in the tenon is too much out of line, driving the pin through tends to split (strictly speaking to shear) the end of the tenon, and too much strain is put on the pin.
Enclosed in this drum there is a smaller one, the two being perfectly jointed together by tenonand socket, in such a way that the smaller drum revolves closely but easily in the larger, like a stopcock.
The tenon is one hole in length, and the head of the standard one hole and a half in length.
It consists of a strong frame made of oak carpentry, with tenon and mortised joints, bound together with strong bolts and screw nuts.
This long bolt must originally have passed through the lower end of the handle, which, in turn, was fastened to the end of the plow beam by a tenon on the end of the beam, now broken off, passing through a mortise in the handle.
The edges of the tenon on the upper end of the standard where it goes through the mortise in the beam have been neatly beveled in a manner I have never seen before on any other plow.
To lock the tenon in the mortice two methods may be employed.
A recess slot usually square or rectangular, and employed to receive a tenonfrom another piece.
When the mortice is away from the end of the work the breadth B of the tenon is made less than the breadth F of the work so as to leave stuff at A to strengthen the mortised piece.
In tenoning machines, the lengths of the pieces usually operated upon render it necessary that the work should lie horizontally upon the table, while the shortness of the tenon makes an automatic feed unnecessary.
A cutter for under-cutting the shoulder of a tenon on wood-work.
In the second the tenon is provided with saw cuts to receive the wedges.
When we turn the head round, we use the tenon and mortise, which runs between the first bone of the neck and the second.
Tenon has constantly found the intestinal canal of drunkards to be greatly shorter than that of people who do not drink.
When all the notches have been marked cut down the AC line of each with a tenon saw, and chisel along BC till the wedge-shaped chip is removed.
Cut just inside the side marks with a fine tenon saw, and remove the wood between the cuts back to the top and bottom marks with a broad, sharp chisel, making the surface of the cut as true and flat as you can.
This is answered by the query as to whether or not the end of the tenon will be exposed; and usually, if a smooth finish is required, the mortise should not go through the member.
On the upper or work edge of each board use the gage to mark off a half-inch slice, and then cut away the flat side of the tenon at the end, on its inner surface, so it will appear as shown in Fig.
The general rule for using the tenon and mortise is where two parts are joined wherein the grains of the two members run at right angles to each other, as in the following figure.
This is another form of tenon which is made and designed to be used where it is in close proximity to another tenon, or where the mortises, if made full size, will weaken the member.
The long tusk can be shortened, to suit the place where it projects, and the stub tenon on each side of the tusk may be made very short, and one side longer than the other if necessary.
This tenon can be used in many places where the regular one is not available.
The doors are put together by means of a tenon and mortise.
The width of the piece removed for the tenon may be varied by putting in pieces of cardboard between the work, E, and the piece A, Fig.
By using a tenon on the rails in which one shoulder is as much longer than the other as the rebate is deep there is no resulting groove showing at the corner.
Number each tenon and the place its corresponding mortise is to be cut in the post.
The doors are fitted in the usual manner by a tenon and mortise joint at the ends.
With the tenon saw rip and cross cut to these lines.
Next put in the center upright piece between the doors by means of a tenon and mortise at the top and nail at the bottom.
Mark each mortise directly from the tenon which is to fit into it, taking care to have all the rails an equal distance from the floor.
The post has a tenon cut on one end to fit the base, and a mortise cut in the other for the arm.
First clamp the ends together, using plenty of glue on the joints, and drive some small nails on the inside of the posts through the tenon ends.
The top back board has a tenon on each end that fits into the mortises in the back posts and is rounded at the top as shown.
The worm is intended to project half an inch beyond the face of the sponge-head, when the tenon is in place, and to have free play back into its socket when pressed against the bottom of the bore.
Turn out the breech-screw by means of a "breech screw-wrench" suited to the tenon of the screw.
Now that tenon was a bit too small, anyway, and when they'd notched her, she hadn't wood enough left to hold up the weight.
Similarly, it is disastrous if mortice and tenon joints are sawed apart.
These outside shutters are of heavy construction like doors, the stiles and rails having mortise and tenon joints held together by dowel pins and the panels being molded and raised.
The frame is of the same thickness, with mortise and tenon joints doweled together.
Stiles, rails and sash bars were all put together with mortise and tenon joints and even the sash bars were pegged together with wood.
The tenon at the foot of the mast was round, and to the shoulder of the tenon a brass ring was nailed or screwed.
In the case of the Trilithons of the Inner Horseshoe, only one tenon on each upright was necessary.
Luckily for the observer to-day the tenonon the remaining upright of the Great Trilithon is very strongly marked, and stands out boldly on its apex, thus affording a clue to those existing on other stones.
The method of uniting the butts of the frame-timbers together with a cylindrical piece or tenon let in at each end.
An upright piece of timber to receive the tenon of the rails that lead from the breast-hook to the gangway.
These parts are now put together, using plenty of good hot glue, and spreading it well on the mortises and tenon ends.
Lay out the mortises in the legs, taking the measurements directly from the tenon which is to fit that mortise.
Be sure that the distance from the tenon shoulder at one end of rail to the shoulder at the other end is exactly the same on each rail.
This will prevent the fitting of one tenon into more than one mortise.
For illustration, the shape of the tenon on the top rails permits the surface of the rail to extend almost flush with the surface of the post at the same time permitting the mortise in the post to be kept away from that surface.
The stretcher has a tenon cut on each end which fits into a mortise cut in each end.
Fit the end and side braces with mortise and tenon joints.
Otherwise the joint edge being cut off in making the tenon there is no convenient way to locate this mortise accurately.
Lay out the tenons on the ends of the rails as shown in the sketch and cut with a tenon saw and chisel.
Whatever shape is used, the important thing to keep in mind is that the size of the key and the slant of its forward surface where it passes through the tenon must be kept the same as the mortise made for it in the tenon.
It is a good plan to lay out the mortise in the tenonat the same time the shoulders of the tenons are laid out.
Illustration: Mission Sideboard in Quarter-Sawed Oak] The rails are cut with tenon ends to match the mortises, and also have grooves to receive the panels.
To avoid confusion it is well to number each tenon by means of the chisel with a Roman numeral and its corresponding mortise with the same.
Arrange the posts and rails as they are to stand and number each tenon and mortise.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "tenon" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
