But although it is thus indisputably true that metaphysical teleology is wholly gratuitous if considered scientifically, it may not be true that it is wholly gratuitous if considered psychologically.
Nature, as red in tooth and claw with ravin, is thus without question a large and general fact that must be considered by any theory of teleology which can be propounded.
Herbert Spencer's refutation of the wider teleology expressed by Baden Powell, and felt the force of the teleology again (p.
And that this metaphysical system of teleology does rest on such a basis is indisputable; for while it accepts the most ultimate truths of which science can ever be cognizant--viz.
In the earliest dawn of recorded thought, teleologyin some form or another has been the most generally accepted theory whereby the order of Nature is explained.
The truth is, that the argument from teleology must, and can only, rest upon the observable facts of nature, without reference to the intellectual processes by which these facts may be supposed to have been accomplished.
The teleology of Revelation supplements that of Nature, and so, to the spiritually minded man, they logically and mutually corroborate one another.
Nevertheless, it is necessary to remember that there is a wider teleology which is not touched by the doctrine of evolution, but is actually based upon the fundamental proposition of evolution.
Is the doctrine of evolution a foe to design, or does evolution make more teleology than it destroys?
Huxley says that "there is a wider teleology which is not touched by the doctrine of evolution, but is actually based upon the fundamental proposition of evolution.
A new and grander teleology was discernible in nature, not seen in the details of its products so much as in the great tendencies and lines of its development and the outworking of its laws.
You can only put teleology into the universe by affirming the sovereignty of spirit.
There is another reason, a practical reason, which makes of teleology the very essence of the religious consciousness.
Teleology is the form of all organic life and of all conscious activity.
Teleology is the name given to the doctrine of final causes; the theory of tendency to an end, or the arrangement of things as they are for a purpose.
Teleology has great difficulty in giving a rational explanation of, and attributing to a beneficent Providence, this dreaded appendicitis.
To all these teleology is at once also theology, and at every instance of design recognised in nature, instead of thinking and learning to understand nature, they break at once into the childish cry, "Design!
But he expressly recommends teleology at the end of the books De generatione animalium, and blames Democritus for having denied it, which is just what Bacon, in his prejudice, praises in him.
He denies the possibility of such an explanation merely with regard to the teleology and apparent adaptation of organised bodies.
Yet in a limited and special sense he findsteleology to be not inconsistent with morphology.
Biology rendered by Mr. Darwin is the reconciliation of teleology and morphology, and the explanation of the facts of both which his views offer.
The study of these might have led him to admit a teleology of some kind; for "in the thinking consciousness the order of growth is largely determined by choice; and choice is guided by valuation.
Then, as has been remarked in the chapter on Religion, there is the lack of teleology in his conception of the Universe; his denial of ANY purpose hardly seems to be in harmony with his use of the phrase "the meaning of life.
Footnote 2: The idea of regarding life as transcending teleology as well as mechanism is far from being a new idea.
To entitle them to do this, a complete doctrine of Teleology is indispensable.
The word Teleology is also, but inconveniently and improperly, employed by some writers as a name for the attempt to explain the phenomena of the universe from final causes.
But perhaps the most remarkable service to the Philosophy of Biology rendered by Mr. Darwin is the reconciliation of Teleology and Morphology, and the explanation of the facts of both, which his views offer.
Nevertheless, it is necessary to remember that there is a wider teleologywhich is not touched by the doctrine of Evolution, but is actually based upon the fundamental proposition of Evolution.
We still have to mention two monstrosities which, as it seems to us, necessarily result from the rejection of teleology, although the opponents of teleology contest the fact.
On the part of philosophy, we have to mention Ulrici, Fichte, Huber and Frohschammer, who have rejected the attack against teleology with inflexible criticism.
At a time when the assault against teleology had just begun, this noble author perceived the whole importance and weight of these attacks, and most energetically defended teleology.
The philosophical reaction of realism overthrew the systems built up byteleology and metaphysical dogmatism, which had limited the field of the historian.
Causality and teleology cannot be substituted the one for the other; but one forms the complement of the other.
He points out the physiological advantage of the valvulae conniventes to man, and the advantage forteleology of the fact that they cannot have been formed by "action and pressure.
This was in part the result of Sprengel's supernatural teleology and in part due to the fact that his book appeared at a time when other lines of inquiry exerted a dominating influence.
Darwin's activity in this domain has brought about (as Asa Gray correctly pointed out) the revival of teleology in Botany and Zoology.
It thus enables us to dispense with the teleology of the metaphysician and the dualist, and to set aside the old mythological and poetic legends of creation.
The old teleology was more useful to science than to religion, and the design-naturalists ought to be gratefully remembered by Biologists.
Neither mechanism nor teleology can give an absolute answer to ultimate questions.
If the adaptation was traced to the influence, through competition, of the environment, the old teleology lost an illustration and a proof.
I have preferred to show the influence of the older teleology upon Natural History by quotations from a single great and insufficiently appreciated naturalist.
He points out the physiological advantage of the valvulae conniventes to man, and the advantage for teleology of the fact that they cannot have been formed by "action and pressure.
He did more just there than any modern philosopher, perhaps than any philosopher, to show that this teleology is beneficent, and so to restore the attitude of mind which it may not yet be too late to call Faith in God and Immortality.
He said, in his Cosmic Philosophy: "The process of evolution is itself the working out of a mighty Teleology of which our finite understandings can fathom but the scantest rudiments.
It is the attempt to get at an external purpose for objects of experience that has made teleology be looked upon askance by men of science.
The germ of truth in the old mechanical teleology may perhaps be seen in this way.
But teleology does not stand or fall with this external form of it, which takes its illustrations from the products of the factory, not from the manifestations of life,[278] and which is really only mechanism misunderstood.
How very much one wrongs Anaxagoras if one reproaches him for the wise abstention fromteleology which shows itself in this conception and talks scornfully of his Nous as of a deus ex machina.
With Socrates Optimism begins, an optimism no longer artistic, with teleology and faith in the good god; faith in the enlightened good man.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "teleology" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word. Other words: aim; butt; destination; end; game; goal; mark; object; objective; prey; pursuit; quarry; target
