Changes in the relative position of the organs during the respiratory motions.
When the spinal cord suffers injury above the origin of the phrenic nerve, immediate death supervenes, owing to a cessation of the respiratory act.
The structure, mechanism, and respiratory motions of the thoracic apparatus.
But however much the lungs vary in capacity, or the heart as to position in the respiratory motions, still the lungs are always closely applied to the thoracic walls.
These vital forces of the respiratory and circulatory organs, so characteristic of the higher classes of animals, are opposed to the general forces of surrounding nature.
Subscapular artery, crossed by the intercosto-humeral nerves and descending parallel to the external respiratory nerve.
This, you must understand, is the respiratory apparatus.
By a wonderful act of forethought on the part of Nature,[56] they keep themselves concealed in the middle of the respiratory laminæ, which garnish the under part of the tail.
To those threatened with consumption, the island may be supposed to offer some advantages in the equability of the temperature, and the comparative quiescence of the lungs from reduced necessity forrespiratory effort.
This phenomenon is attributed to the slow oxygenation of the blood in the respiratory vesicles.
Whet carried to the point of actual acidity, the respiratory coefficient becomes negative, and the cell actually gives off carbon dioxide because of the stoppage of the synthetic processes.
The first effect of a change in the reaction toward acidity of the protoplasm is a decrease in the rate of respiration of the tissue, while increased alkalinity stimulates respiratory activity.
Plant cells exhibit respiratory activities, using oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide, in exactly the same way that animal organisms do.
It is clear, therefore, that variations in the chemical reaction of protoplasm profoundly affect its colloidal condition, its enzymic activity, and its respiratory processes.
The two gases first mentioned are derived directly from the air, through the respiratory organs of the plant.
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak has also battered Hong Kong's economy but the resumption of strong growth began in 2003.
Lungs, connexion between carbonized food and the respiratory functions, i.
Instances from the animal kingdom, proving the connexion between carbonized food and the respiratory functions, 148.
Haemoglobin, though physiologically of great importance in therespiratory process of vertebrate animals, is yet seldom used for surface pigmentation, except in the face of white races of man or in other parts in monkeys, &c.
In this chapter we will give you briefly the theories of the Western scientific world regarding the functions of the respiratory organs, and the part in the human economy played by the breath.
One of the most important features of this method of breathing is the fact that the respiratory muscles are fully called into play, whereas in the other forms of breathing only a portion of these muscles are so used.
The entire respiratory organism responds to this method of breathing, and the maximum amount of benefit is derived from the minimum expenditure of energy.
It brings into play the entire respiratory apparatus, every part of the lungs, every air-cell, every respiratory muscle.
This Cleansing Breath ventilates and cleanses the lungs, stimulates the cells and gives a general tone to the respiratory organs, and is conducive to their general healthy condition.
It will be seen that by this method of breathing all parts of the respiratory apparatus is brought into action, and all parts of the lungs, including the most remote air cells, are exercised.
Inflammation of the respiratory organs often results from the inhalation of cold air through the mouth.
From mouth to lungs the dirt or impure substance has a clear track, and the entire respiratory system is unprotected.
This is a very important exercise which tends to strengthen and develop the respiratory muscles as well as the lungs, and its frequent practice will also tend to expand the chest.
Everything depends upon the muscles concerned in the process of respiration, which we may as, for convenience, term the "respiratory muscles.
In the consideration of the question of respiration, we must begin by considering the mechanical arrangements whereby the respiratory movements are effected.
Once more, remember that the mouth affords no protection to the respiratory organs, and cold air, dust and impurities and germs readily enter by that door.
Since the megalocytes which are formed from the megaloblasts possess in proportion to their volume a relatively smaller respiratory surface, and so constitute a type disadvantageous for anæmic conditions[10].
For by the division of a larger blood corpuscle into a series of homologous smaller ones, the respiratory surface is considerably increased.
The mucus-vessel is called absorbent, the air-vessel respiratory duct or trachea.
Their deglutition would be therefore a respiratory act.
The vessel which conveys oxydized mucus from therespiratory to the intestinal system, is called artery.
But, since the thorax is that which is here preponderating and is nearly the whole animal, so does the anus open into the posterior respiratory tube.
In the situation of the sensitive papillæ, the origin of the digits from respiratory organs admits of being still recognized.
Only one occlusor muscle, mantle entirely open or slit, so that both respiratory apertures are only oblique incisions therein; foot very small, frequently furnished with a byssus.
This nasal organ does not open into the mouth, admits of neither water nor air passing through it, and therefore serves not as a test-organ to the respiratory process.
The animal coverings are desiccated respiratory organs appertaining to the integument.
The members of the body or trunk belong to the thorax, because it is the respiratory system.
In an exercise of this sort, all the difficulties of respiratory gymnastics are successively surmounted--inspiration, respiratory pause, expiration.
Respiratory gymnastics ought to constitute one of the principal courses of instruction in schools for children.
Hence, the spirometer directly measures the respiratory capacity, and only indirectly the pulmonary capacity.
This area might be compared to the foliage of a great human tree (respiratory surface).
Even the respiratory rhythm has a great influence upon speech.
Respiratory reserve (which can be expelled by a forced expiration) = 1600 cu.
But the pulmonary capacity has not augmented in proportion; it is only that practice has perfected the respiratory movements.
This type is especially predisposed to maladies of the respiratory system, subject to bronchial catarrh recurring annually, liable to attacks of bronchitis, pleurisy, and pneumonia, and easily falls victim to pulmonary tuberculosis.
These habits reflected themselves upon the poor, defenceless mucous membrane, whose function was perverted as shown in the constantly congested appearance of the respiratory tract.
It is the membrane which in this special sense covers or lines the respiratory tract from the very outlet of the nose to the terminal bronchi; in fact, to the very air-cells of the lungs themselves.
The singer faces an audience or a strange audience for the first time, and the first unfavorable and disconcertive effect travels over the nerves to the respiratory organs.
Almost all catarrhal affections of the respiratory organs are due to chills.
A person who sings should always assume a natural attitude, since this aids the play of the respiratory organs.
The glands in the scalp absorb the lead, cantharides, cayenne pepper, or whatever the specific poison in the tonic may be; this is carried to the respiratory tract, and creates the symptoms of a cold.
It may take three or four months to cure a case of lameness, and long terms of confinement may possibly be needed for diseases of the respiratory or digestive organs, or of the skin.
A thoughtful consultation follows, and the verdict pronounced upon its respiratory organs is: "As sound as a bell.
Hughlings Jackson suggested the following theory to explain these facts: "Ordinary breathing is an automatic act governed by the respiratory centre in the medulla.
The respiratory centre is double, each side being controlled or inhibited by higher centres on the opposite side of the brain.
The mind of the orator, actor, and dramatic singer exercises a profound influence upon the respiratory system of nerves, and thereby produces the necessary variations in the force, continuance, and volume of air required for vocal expression.
It will be observed that the innervation currents which proceed from the brain pass over to the opposite side of the spinal cord and are not represented as coming into relation with the respiratory centre R.
The inhibitory fibres being damaged, the opposite half of the respiratory centre would be under diminished control and therefore the movements of ordinary breathing on the paralysed side would be exaggerated.
With voluntary breathing the respiratory centre in the medulla has nothing to do.
It is, however, probable that there is a direct relation between the brain and the spinal nerve centres which control the costal and abdominal muscles independently of the respiratory centres of the medulla oblongata (vide fig.
Their pediform, jointed, respiratory abdominal appendages, their head and falcate mandibles, seem copied from the first tribe.
It is not improbable that in the case last mentioned these pores may be of use, as the spiracles are usually closely covered by the elytra, for the better transmission of the air to those respiratory organs.
Scarcely has it been a moment in this position, than, swelling out the interior and anterior parts of the thorax, it causes it to split between the two respiratory horns.
The respiratory threads observable in both the upper and under sides of the abdomen connect it with the Stomapoda, and its cylindrical elongate body with Chilognathiform types in the Lepidoptera[411].
This part is the principal seat of the respiratory pores or spiracles, many having eight in each side, while others have only one.
Reaumur conjectured that these eminences were connected with respiration, and one circumstance seems in favour of this conjecture, that this segment has not the respiratory threads observable in the subsequent ones.
As has already been intimated, the strength of the voice depends directly upon the condition and use of the respiratory organs, including the larynx, and indirectly upon the general health and vigor of the whole physical system.
Experience has proved that the respiratory organs are susceptible of a high degree of development, and it is well known that the strength of the voice depends on the capacity, health, and action of those organs.
Some of these are voluntary in their motions, as those I have described, while others are involuntary, as the action of the heart and the respiratory muscles.
This phenomenon, which is called sneezing, depends upon a connection of the olfactory with the respiratory nerves.
On the other hand, whatever favors the free expansion of the chest equally promotes the healthy action of the respiratory organs.
Having explained the object of his investigations to be the effects of pain on the respiratory organs, the Professor describes (p.
The mantle performs rhythmical respiratory movements of expansion and contraction, the water entering between funnel and mantle and passing out through the funnel.
Each lamella is transversely folded, and the folds are in turn folded, so that the respiratory surface is increased.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "respiratory" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
