The pleura is not much reddened, but by its thickness in some points, its adhesion in others, and the effusion of a serous fluid, it proves how much and how long it has participated in the inflammatory action.
True empyema is not often seen; but, at all times, the adhesions between the costal and visceral pleura are extensive, and there is much effusion in the chest.
The costal pleura was covered with organized lymph to the thickness of an inch, with the usual characteristics.
The pleura and diaphragm also showed a good deal of disease and some adhesion.
On the left side was a small abscess, under the pleura costalis.
The cavity of the left pleura was found completely filled with bloody fluid, and was subdivided into two compartments, by a portion of coloured fibrine, presenting a honeycombed appearance, which passed from the ribs to the lung.
The fibrine which lined the pleura pulmonalis and pleura diaphragmatica, presented on its inner surface a smooth and polished appearance, and in colour exactly resembled the yellowish fibrine found in the clots of the heart of this patient.
The pleura and peritoneum may be thickened and covered with tubercles about the size of a millet seed, or larger.
Inflammation of the pleura is most common in horses.
Injuries to the costalpleura by fractured ribs and punctured wounds may cause it to become inflamed.
The median folds of the pleura divide the cavity into right and left portions.
In the chronic form of the disease ulceration of the intestinal and gastric mucous membrane, inflammation of the lungs and pleura and sloughing of the skin are common lesions.
A second method of describing the arrangement of the pleura is to state that it forms two sacks, right and left, that enclose the lungs.
The pleuraand pericardium may show small red spots and blotches.
He distinguishes the pleura by the name of inclosing membrane (umen upezokos, membrana succingens), and remarks its similitude in structure to that of the peritoneum, and the covering which it affords to all the organs.
I saw this done in one case for the removal of a shrapnel bullet from the lower reflexion of the pleura on account of fixed pain and tenderness complained of by the patient.
The right pleura contained a large quantity of dark cocoa-like fluid.
The signs of fluid in the left pleura were accompanied by those of consolidation over the lower fourth of the right lung, and the sputa were rusty.
Accompanying these symptoms were the usual physical signs of fluid in the pleura in differing degrees and combination.
There is therefore placed around the intestinal body a vascular body also, or branchial membrane, which is consequently pleura or mantle (pallium), as in the Mussels.
The body of the intestine consists of intestine and peritoneum; that of the vessels of branchiæ and pleura or mantle.
Pulmonary abscess formation and rupture into the pleura should not be awaited, for the foreign body does not often follow the pus into the pleural cavity.
Should the pleura be perforated by sudden puncture pyo-pneumothorax is inevitable.
The pleura may be entered,--pyopneumothorax will result and demand immediate thoracotomy and gastrostomy.
In the serious degrees of esophageal trauma, particularly if the pleura be perforated, gastrostomy is indicated to afford rest of the esophagus, and for alimentation.
These physical signs suggest empyema; and rib resection had been done before admission in a number of cases only to find the pleura normal.
Repeated severing of adhesions, aspiration and sometimes incision of the thickened visceral pleura may be necessary.
In thickened pleura vocal fremitus is not entirely absent, and the breath-sounds can usually be heard, even if diminished.
The pleuraand wound may be immediately closed without drainage, if the pleura is not infected.
The dome of the diaphragm and the dome of the pleura are taken as visceral landmarks for placing the positive films which have lines indicating these levels.
One layer of the pleura is attached to the walls of the chest, and the other to the lungs; and they glide, one upon the other, with utmost freedom.
Like the membrane which envelops the heart, the pleura secretes its own lubricating fluid, in quantities sufficient to keep it always moist.
The left cavity of the pleura contained about twelve ounces of water; the right, about three ounces.
The right lobe adhered closely to the pericardium; it also adhered to the pleura costalis, by a great number of strong cords, which seemed to be elongations of the original adhesions.
It has been seen, that the excessive action of the heart sometimes produces inflammation of the pleura and pericardium, and that the distention of the coat of the liver has the same effect upon that membrane in a slighter degree.
The pleura in both cavities of the thorax was studded with small, white, and apparently homogeneous tubercles; the lungs contained a great number of similar bodies.
The pleura costalis, on the left side opposite to the heart, was thickened and covered with a very thick flocculent coat of coagulated lymph, and the pericardium opposite to it had the same marks of inflammation.
The cavity of the pleura did not contain any water; that of the pericardium held about six ounces.
The lungs of the left side adhered closely to the pleura costalis, and those of the right were tied by loose and membranous adhesions; beside which there was no appearance of disease about them.
The right cavity of the pleura was entirely filled with water, of which we removed at least three quarts.
The pericardium, like the pleura and the peritoneum, may be covered with a saponaceous film which is albuminous.
There were numerous ecchymoses of the pleura and of the mucous membranes of the stomach and urinary bladder, hemorrhagic infarctions in the kidneys and lungs, and granulo-fatty degeneration of the cardiac muscle.
In another case the disease advanced to the stage of gangrene of a circumscribed area of the pleura and of the superficial layer of the lung.
In the instance referred to there was an area of gangrene about three inches square and one inch in depth, involving the pleura and a {414} superficial layer of lung on the antero-lateral aspect of the left lower lobe.
On the other hand, Lebert says the variety of inflammation of the pleura oftenest met with is the plastic.
Inflammation of the pleura and lungs; a combination of pleurisy and pneumonia, esp.
Of or pertaining to the pleura or pleuræ, or to the sides of the thorax.
Diseases of the investing membrane of the lungs, and the pleura of the thoracic cavity, and of the substance of the lungs, are more frequent than those of the heart.
If the mucous membrane of the air-passage or the apex of the lung and its investing pleura is torn, emphysema of the connective tissue may develop and spread widely over the body.
The left pleura is closely related to the anterior surface of the œsophagus throughout, while the right pleura passes behind it in its lower part.
The pleura may reach as high as the medial border of the rib.
Yet this occasions no alarm to the surgeon (although if the blood in the pleura were to putrefy, it would infallibly occasion dangerous suppurative pleurisy).
The air is sometimes pumped into the pleural cavity in such abundance that, making its way through the wound in the pleura costalis, it inflates the cellular tissue of the whole body.
Should the peritoneum or the pleura be affected, inject the proper cavities with very strong fluid.
In many cases the lung does not hang free, but as a result of former pleurisy, the area of the pulmonary pleura is adherent to the parietal pleura.
Each pleura is therefore a shut sac, one occupying the right, and the other the left half of the thorax, and they are perfectly separated from one another.
In the mouth, the reaction becomes neutral within ten or fifteen minutes; in the pleura and peritoneum within half an hour, and probably in much shorter periods.
The lungs adhered extensively to the pleura costalis, and from the character of the adhesions, they were evidently of some years' standing.
The pleura costalis was almost free from any exudation, but there were a variety of small patches of false membrane throughout the pleura pulmonalis.
The pleura of both lungs was much puckered, and interspersed with dark red patches around the adhesions.
On removing the anterior part of the thorax, the lungs were found firmly adhering to the pleura costalis, and of a dark blue colour.
In almost all the cases, there was found very extensive effusion into the serous cavities, and particularly into those of the pleura and pericardium.
The adhesions of the pleura were strong, and evidently of long standing.
Both lungs were strongly attached to the pleura costalis, and a very considerable effusion of straw-coloured fluid was found in both cavities of the chest.
A few irregularly situated dark glandular bodies were observed on the surface of the costal pleura at each side of the sternum, and on the mediastinum.
There were considerable adhesions of the pleuræ, and marks of very general chronic inflammation and false membrane over the greater part of the pleura costalis.
The pleura pulmonalis had (where there wore no adhesions) interspersed over it patches of false exudation, of a dark brown colour.
The pleura pulmonalis was much thickened and rough, with false membrane, and many patches of puckering.
The cartilages of ribs were ossified, and both lungs were adhering strongly to the pleura costalis.
Outer layer of pleura and lining of chest walls and upper surface of diaphragm.
The pleura is a thin, smooth, elastic, and tough membrane which covers the outside of the lungs and lines the inside of the chest walls.
Examine the pleura and show lightness of lung tissue by floating a piece on water.
The peritoneum is to the abdominal cavity what the pleura is to the thoracic cavity.
This arrangement is found in serous membranes, such as the pleura and peritoneum.
The pleura on this account is frequently more or less affected by the spreading of the inflammation from the lung tissue.
It has already been stated that the pleura is closely adherent to the lung.
This is followed by the formation of a coating of coagulated fibrin on the diseased pleura and the transudation of serum which collects in the chest.
The pleura covering the affected parts may be more or less inflamed.
Diseased growths that interfere with the pleura may induce pleurisy.
The larvæ of Strongylus edentatus may be met with almost anywhere, especially under the serous membranes, the pleura and peritoneum.
It may be readily seen that if it were not for the moistened state of the surface of the pleura the continual dilatation and contraction and the consequent rubbing of the parts against each other would cause serious friction.
The pleura may be involved secondarily when the heart or its membrane is the primary seat of the disease.
The pleura is the thin, glistening membrane that covers the lung and also completely covers the internal walls of the chest.
The pleura is a thin membrane that envelops the lung and lines the walls of the thoracic cavity.
Hæmorrhages from the mucous membranes, and sanguineous suffusions into the serous cavities, such as the pleura or pericardium, may supervene more or less slowly.
Bacillus megatherium into thepleura or peritoneum of the rabbit.
If the pleura is also affected, there will be all the symptoms of pleurisy, together with those peculiar to inflammation of the lungs proper.
This is inflammation of thePleura of one or both lungs, generally confined to one side.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "pleura" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word. Other words: amnion; eardrum; membrane; pellicle; pleura; tympanum
