This is owing to the decomposition of the nitric acid, (in the same manner as the acid of nitrate of potassa and other nitrates is decomposed), during which carbonic acid and deutoxide of azote are produced.
When nitrates are employed for fire-works, they should be free from moisture, or water of crystallization, unless otherwise required.
In France, the potash of commerce is used; and the nitrates which are decomposed, are those principally of lime and magnesia.
We are of opinion, that many of the nitrates might be advantageously employed in the manufacture of fire-works.
Notwithstanding the nitre earth contains a mixture of the nitrates of potassa and lime, nitrate of potassa, nearly pure, has been discovered.
All of their nitratesare high-explosives, or low explosives, but explosives anyway.
Development of other methods show thatnitrates can probably be produced at less cost than by the use of hydroelectric power.
The great advantage of low-priced nitrates must be secured for the direct benefit of the farmers and the indirect benefit of the public in time of peace, and of the Government in time of war.
But we have it, and I am told it still provides a practical method of making nitrates for national defense and farm fertilizers.
It ought to be developed for the production of nitrates primarily, and incidentally for power purposes.
The nitrates will have formed deposits," he said, "probably near ancient lakes or shallow seas.
Experiments on the rate of removal of nitrates from the soil by drainage showed that every inch of rain passing through the drains caused a loss of 2(1/2) lb.
Roots can further supply themselves with nitrogen in the form of nitrates, the ammonia and other nitrogenous bodies undergoing ready conversion into nitrates in the soil.
But it was always recognized that certain plants, clover for example, enriched the land with nitrogen to an extent greater than could be accounted for by the mere supply to them of nitrates in the soil.
Let us take a pinch of vegetable mould, water it with ammonia compounds, and analyze it, and we shall find nitrates therein.
The nitric ferment exists in all soils and in all latitudes, and converts the ammoniacal matters carried along by the rain into nitrates of a form most assimilable by plants.
A high-yielding crop of wheat needs 60-80 pounds of nitrates per acre.
There are other bacteria commonly found in soil that uptake ammonia gas and change it to the nitrates that plants and soil life forms need to make other proteins.
Where air was insufficient (though still aerobic) decay is retarded but worse, a process called denitrification occurs in which nitrates and ammonia are biologically broken down into gasses and permanently lost.
Summer legume crops, like cowpeas and snap beans, tend to be net consumers of nitrates, not makers of morenitrates than they can use.
Consider this when you read in carelessly researched garden books and articles about the advantages of interplanting legumes with other crops because they supposedly generate nitrates that "help" their companions.
Rhizobia tend to be inactive during hot weather because the soil itself is supplying nitrates from the breakdown of organic matter.
In fact, high levels of soil nitrates reduces the clover's ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen.
The researches of Atkinson in Montana, Stewart and Graves in Utah, and Jensen in South Dakota make it seem probable that the formation of nitrates plays an important part in the whole process.
In summer-fallowed land nitrates are always found in abundance in the fall, ready to stimulate the seed into rapid germination and the young plants into vigorous growth.
During the late fall and winter months the nitrates disappear, at least in part, anti from the point of view of fertility the spring is not so desirable as the fall for germination.
A few years ago men of science awoke to the startling fact that the earth's supply of nitrates was being rapidly exhausted.
Who took out the first patent for a process for making nitrates by using the nitrogen of the air?
Forthwith scientists and inventors the world over proceeded to tap this source of supply and to convert its vast stores of nitrogen into the nitrates which are so indispensable to vegetable life.
What does the presence of nitrates in water indicate?
There are also traces of nitrates and nitrites obtained from the air.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, December, 1907: The Occurrence of Nitrates in Vegetable Foods, in Cured Meats, and Elsewhere.
Nitrates and nitrites alone are not injurious in water, but they are usually associated with objectionable bacteria and generally indicate previous contamination.
A large amount of nitrates is only found in impure water, and is usually injurious, as they may indicate the presence of decomposing organic matter.
In temperate climates nitrates are obtained from the lime rubbish of demolished buildings which have stood for many years, and especially from those portions which have been in contact with the ground.
The presence of salts of phosphoric acid has not yet been determined with exactitude for all rivers, but the presence of nitrates has been proved with certainty in almost all kinds of well-investigated river water.
This method of the formation of nitrates requires moisture, besides the free access of air, and takes place principally during warm weather.
Thus calcium and magnesium carbonates easily part with carbonic anhydride when ignited; the nitratesare also very easily decomposed by heat, calcium and magnesium oxides, CaO and MgO, being left behind.
Moreover, Veley observed that nitric acid is partially converted into nitrous acid by gaseous hydrogen in the presence of the nitrates of Cu and Pb.
As a result several bags of nitrateswere distributed among Scottish farmers and fruit-growers.
From eighty to one hundred million dollars' worth of these nitrates are dug out and sold each year.
From this port about fifty million dollars' worth of nitrates and three million dollars' worth of iodine are exported yearly.
Although small quantities of the nitrates had been sent to Europe for chemical purposes--chiefly the manufacture of gunpowder--no considerable amount was exported until a fortuitous discovery was made by a Scotchman named George Smith.
Within a few years railroads were built to transport the nitrates from the beds to the various ports where the reduction factories were erected.
But that same absence of rain makes the nitrate beds possible; for had there been yearly rains, the nitrates long since would have been leached out.
To obtain the nitrates it is necessary first to remove the top layer of sand and then a layer of clay.
So, the lands the nitrates now fertilize are far greater in area than that of the region of the nitrates.
These substances were mainly iodine and bromine, two chemical elements that are of greater value than the nitrates themselves.
The clover remains thus afford a more continuous source from which nitrates are produced, and greater certainty for a good crop of wheat than when recourse is had to nitrogenous top-dressings in the spring.
It was an exceedingly wet season, and the loss of nitrates on all the different plots was very great.
But where the nitrates or salts of ammonia were sown in the spring, while the crops were growing, the loss was not nearly so great as when sown in the autumn.
During the war the use of nitrates was largely diverted to explosives manufacture.
The geologist is interested principally in the mineral nitrates as a mineral resource, but the other sources of nitrogen, particularly its recovery from coal, also touch his field.
One of the conspicuous gains was the building of many by-product coke plants, under the necessity of securing the nitrates and hydrocarbons for munition and other purposes.
Deliquescence and later migration of the more soluble nitrates resulted in their accumulation around the edges of the basins.
For the mineral nitrates the United States has been dependent on Chile, and because of the cheapness of the supply will doubtless continue to draw heavily from this source.
Almost the single source of mineral nitratesfor the world at present is Chile, where there are deposits of sodium nitrate or Chile saltpeter, containing minor amounts of potassium nitrate.
The stream of several hundred ships carrying nitrates from Chile was one of the vital war arteries.
Even at the price quoted, namely L5 per ton, the cost of nitrate of soda made with electrically combined atmospheric nitrogen compares very favourably with commercial nitrates as now imported for agriculture purposes.
Nitrate of ammonia thus formed would in itself be a manure; but, of course, on the large scale other nitrates will be formed by mixing the acid with cheap alkalies which are abundant in nature, soda from common salt, and lime from limestone.
The fixing of the nitrogen from the atmosphere in order to form nitrates available as manure depends, from the physical point of view, upon the creation of a sufficient heat to set fire to it.
We did give them nitrates here, but that was because they had exhausted the elements in the dirt floors of their prison huts.
For he was not yet adept enough at telepathy to be sure he had got all the information needed about the use of nitratesin the Guddu's diet.
I believe we've got a few sacks of commercial nitrates in the storehouse.
In course of time considerable quantities of nitrates were developed, and the nitre was occasionally collected by scraping it from the surface, where it became concentrated just as in the nitre soils.
What the sources of these nitrates and nitrites (which exist in quantities so minute that accurate determination of their amount is rendered extremely difficult) are is a disputed point.
From this point of view it will be seen how very much less powerful a single shower of rain is--even although at the time it is heavy--in causing loss of nitrates by drainage, than a continuance of wet weather.
In the Appendix to the chapter on Nitrification,[76] will be found a table containing the amounts of nitrates found in the first 27 inches of fallow soils.
First, as we have already remarked, the soil has very little power to retain nitrogen in this form; and secondly, where the soil is covered with growing vegetation the nitrates are quickly assimilated by the plant as they are formed.
Some nitrates, such as the nitratesof potash and soda.
When the nitrates are richest they are mixed with rock--about half and half.
Little towns have sprung up along the seashore where the nitrates make up cargoes of hundreds of ships which carry this fertilizer to all parts of the world.
Like the last-mentioned nitrates it is soluble in a mixture of alcohol and ether, in acetic ether, and in absolute alcohol.
One of the most interesting applications of the cellulose nitrates is in the production of artificial silk.
The solution of the pyroxyline nitrates in ether and alcohol is known as collodion, and is used in photography and in medical and surgical work.
These nitrates are obtained by treating cotton with nitric acid for twenty or thirty minutes.
They are characterised by being more soluble than the higher nitrates and less inflammable.
Several well-characterised cellulose nitrates have been prepared, but is an exceedingly difficult matter to obtain any one in a state of purity, the commercial articles being always mixtures of two or three.
Nitrates obviously contain a considerable amount of oxygen, but ammonia contains no oxygen, and nitrites very much less than nitrates.
Both are contributing to the final production of nitrates which can be used by plant life.
Winogradsky concluded that the oxidation of nitrites to nitrates was brought about by a specific organism independently of the nitrous organism.
Professor Warington still adheres to the opinion, in favour of which he has produced so much evidence, that the formation of nitrates in the soil is due to the nitric organism which soil always contains.
In 1886 Gayon and Dupetit first isolated the bacteria capable of reducing nitrates to the simplest element, nitrogen.
These further changes become necessary on account of the fact, already discussed, that plants require their nitrogen to be in the form of nitrates in order to use it.
With these may be associated the Decomposition or Putrefactive Bacteria, which break down complex organic products other than nitrates into simpler bodies.
Nitrates are there produced from the fæcal evacuations of sea-fowl in such quantities as to form an article of commerce.
Nitrates and compounds of ammonia are widely distributed in nature, and it is from these bodies that the plant obtains, by means of its roots, the necessary nitrogen.
On account of nitrates washing away they are put on the uncultivated land during the period that the fields are not in use.
Since there are but few cattle on the coastal plain, no manure is used to bring up the land, but nitrates are easily imported from Pisagua.
Now, it is true that the nitrates and nitrites in gunpowder residues will react positively with diphenylamine and diphenylbenzidine, but they are not specific.
Actually, for most practical purposes, I would not be surprised if there would be no nitrates from a man firing a rifle.
I directed them to make it, and also paraffin casts or just of a piece of paraffin on the left side of the face to see if there were any nitrates there.
It is possible, but it is more likely with a revolver where you have a revolving cylinder and an opening between the cylinder and the actual barrel where the nitrates can come out.
Yes, sir; nitrates were present on the cast made of Oswald's hands.
Actually, in my experience there, shooting a rifle with a telescopic sight there would be no chance for nitrates to get way back or on the side of the face from a rifle.
A rifle such as that one we are talking about here from the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository, in my opinion, would not throw nitratesback to where a man's face was when he is looking through a telescopic sight.
Captain Hillgrove ran into Cobija the next morning, when the loading of the nitrates was begun with as little delay as possible, Jack feeling in the best of spirits as he superintended the work.
At last some favorable reports came in and then the load of nitrates was sold at a fair profit.
There is another practice followed by the Chinese, connected with the formation of nitrates in soils, which again emphasizes the national trait of saving and turning to use any and every thing worth while.
When the nitrates which accumulate in the floors of dwellings are not collected for this purpose the soil goes to the fields to be used directly as a fertilizer, or it may be worked into compost.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "nitrates" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
