Thus, for instance, in the case of naphthalene the calculated and observed magnitudes of the heat of solution differ but slightly from each other.
It proved to be a perfect and effectual remedy and very inexpensive, as the naphthalene could be swept up and transferred to other rooms.
Powdered naphthalene is successfully used in the same way and as Chittenden (1906) points out, is a safeguard against various forms of man-infesting tropical insect pests.
One of the earliest red-hot tube syntheses of importance was the formation of naphthalene from a mixture of alcohol and ether vapours.
Pertaining to, or designating, a dibasic acid obtained by the oxidation of naphthalene and allied substances.
Of the first class, the light paraffin oils and pitch may be taken as examples; whilst benzene, naphthalene and retort carbon represent the second.
The higher the heat of carbonization the more naphthalene appears to be produced, and gas managers of to-day find the removal of naphthalene from the gas a difficult problem to solve.
By heating to the boiling point of naphthalene (218 deg.
Berthelot, who, in conjunction with Bardy, afterwards synthesized it from a-ethyl naphthalene (Ann.
Defn: Designating an orange-red dyestuff obtained from naphthylamine, and called magdala red, naphthalene red, etc.
Defn: A yellow crystalline substance, C10H6O2, analogous to quinone, obtained by oxidizing naphthalenewith chromic acid.
Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a dibasic acid obtained by the oxidation of naphthalene and allied substances.
Defn: A compound of naphthalene or its radical with a metallic element; as, mercuric naphthide.
It is the di-nitro-naphthalene that is chiefly used in explosives.
At the end of the nitration the di-nitro-naphthalene is removed to earthenware strainers, allowed to drain, washed with hot water and soda until all acid is removed, washed with water and dried.
Eighty-seven equivalents of nitro-naphthalene to 413 equivalents of nitric acid.
The di-nitro- naphthalene gives some trouble in washing, as some acid is held in the crystals which is liable to make its appearance when crushed.
An excess of naphthalene should also be avoided, since, on account of its strong odour, soaps containing much of it are unpopular.
These soaps contain, in addition to carbolic acid and its homologues, naphthalene and other hydrocarbons derived from coal, naphthol, bases, etc.
Curves belonging to this class have been obtained in the case of potassium and thallium nitrates[275] and of naphthalene and monochloracetic acid.
The addition of [beta]-naphthol tonaphthalene raises the freezing point of the latter, and the rise is directly proportional to the amount of naphthol added.
This type of curve is represented by the mixed crystals of naphthalene and [beta]-naphthol.
Bamberger, on the other hand, extends his views on benzene andnaphthalene and assumes the molecule to be (1).
S, which is a very similar substance; naphthalene gives thionaphthen, C8H6S, with which it shows great analogies, especially in the derivatives.
The centric formula proposed by Bamberger represents naphthalene as formed by the fusion of two benzene rings, this indicates that it is a monocyclic composed of ten atoms of carbon.
Bamberger opposed Claus' formula on the following grounds:--The molecule of naphthalene is symmetrical, since 2.
Formula (4) is symmetrical and based on Kekule's formula: it is in full accord with the syntheses and decompositions of the naphthalene nucleus and the number of isomers found.
When, as in the formation ofnaphthalene tetrachloride, for example, the one ring becomes saturated, the other might be expected to assume the normal centric form and become relatively inactive.
Insects can also be killed by naphthalene vapour, but asnaphthalene is insufficiently volatile at ordinary temperatures, the method above described is more convenient[173].
The inventors had decided to test its performance with petrol, paraffin, and naphthalene respectively.
The naphthalene was then fed to its mixing valve through a small pipe dipping into the bottom of the melting-pot, and thence sprayed into the induction chamber to carburate the air therein.
As soon as the parts were sufficiently warmed up by the exhaust heat, the petrol was turned off, and the motor run for some time on paraffin, until sufficient naphthalene was thoroughly melted to the consistency of a thick syrup.
Large quantities of naphthalene are used in the preparation of indigo, a dye formerly obtained from the indigo plant, but now largely prepared by laboratory methods.
Equal parts of naphthalene and sulphuric acid heated to 100° C.
The most important advantage possessed by this tanning matter, from a commercial point of view, is the lower price which it owes to the greater ease with which naphthalene may be obtained.
Hydrolysis of the pentacetyl leucotannin, however, yielded gallic aldehyde, and oxidation yielded purpurotannin (a naphthalene derivative) in addition to ellagic acid.
Sometimes it is redistilled, when most of the naphthalene passes over in the first fraction, between 180 deg.
This is necessary because otherwise some naphthalene would crystallize out and plug up the pipes.
Owing to its great percentage of naphthalene (about 40%) this fraction is solid or semi-solid at ordinary temperatures.
The oils drained from the crude naphthalene are re-distilled and worked for carbolic acid and its isomers.
The "creosote oil" which now comes over often separates a good deal of solidnaphthalene on cooling.
On cooling down, about four-fifths of the naphthalene crystallizes out on standing from three to ten days.
The vapour of naphthalene burns with a highly luminous flame, and if mixed with coal-gas, it considerably increases the luminosity of the flame.
The story of naphthalene is summarized in the schemes on pp.
The history of another important group of colouring-matters dependent on naphthalene begins with A.
The phenols of naphthalene are called naphthols--they bear the same relationship to naphthalene that carbolic acid bears to benzene.
The azo-blacks are obtained by combining diazotised sulpho-acids of amidoazo-compounds of the benzene or naphthalene series with naphthol sulpho-acids or other naphthalene derivatives.
Thus in coal-tar, in addition to pyridine, there is another base known as quinoline, which is related to pyridine in the same way that naphthalene is related to benzene.
From this last statement it will be inferred that naphthalene is now a source of colouring-matters.
Owing to the structure of the naphthalene molecule there are two isomeric naphthols, whereas there is only one phenol.
The acid in question, although a derivative of benzene, is most economically prepared by the oxidation of certain derivatives of naphthalene which, when completely broken down by energetic oxidizing agents, furnish the acid.
There are also isomeric quinones of the naphthaleneseries known as naphthaquinones.
Secondary azo-colours derived from these bases and the usual naphthalene derivatives are also manufactured.
Great as have been the recent advancements in the utilization of naphthalene derivatives, there is still a larger quantity of this hydrocarbon produced than is necessary to supply the wants of the colour-manufacturer.
In addition to the azo-colours, there are certain other products which claim naphthalene as a raw material.
If four atoms of chlorine enter the naphthalene molecule the product is a hard wax that rings like a metal.
Some are phenolic condensation products of formaldehyde like those we have been considering, but some use coal-tar compounds having no phenol groups, such as naphthalene sulfonic acid.
A Belgian coal-mine explosive containing ammonium nitrate, potassium or sodium nitrate, dinitro-naphthalene and lead chromate, with or without the addition of ammonium chloride.
The original composition, which passed the Woolwich Test was-- Ammonium nitrate 88 Dinitro-naphthalene 12 To pass the more severe Rotherham Test a number of compositions have been made and approved, but some of them have been repealed.
Other ingredients that may be present are potassium and sodium nitrates, starch meal, vaseline, naphthalene and other hydrocarbons, charcoal and castor oil.
It contains ammonium nitrate, dinitro- or trinitro-naphthalene with other substances added in some cases.
On entering such a room the naphthalene vapor will instantly bring tears to the eyes and cause coughing and irritation of the air passages.
I took one room at a time, scattered on the floor five pounds of flake naphthalene and closed it for twenty-four hours.
Knowing the volatility of naphthalene in warm weather and the irritating character of its vapor led me to try it.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "naphthalene" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
