But with proper mordants and with careful dyeing this dye can produce fast and good colours.
A separate bath should always be kept for dyes or mordants containing iron.
Iron is one of the oldest mordants known and is largely used in wool and cotton dyeing.
The mordants mostly used are Alum, for most of the bright colours.
Its great advantage is that it leaves the wool soft to the touch, whereas the othermordants are apt to harden the wool.
Most mordants are salts, or bodies resembling salts, and hence we must commence our study of mordants by a consideration of the nature of salts.
But this is not all, for colours are precipitated as lakes, and mordants also are precipitated, and thus wasted, in much the same sense as the soaps are.
Adjective colours, fixing themselves only in conjunction with a mordant or mordants on animal or vegetable fibres, and including all the polygenetic colours.
Being a substantive colour no mordants are needed in dyeing silk and wool with it.
The material used, also, is even more impervious and resisting to the action of aqueous solutions of dyes and mordants than the raw wool would be.
Hence, generally, the sources or root substances of the best and most efficient mordants are the metals of high specific appetite or valency.
Their Uses and Applications as Mordants in Dyeing and Calico Printing, and their other Applications in the Arts Manufactures, Sanitary Engineering, Agriculture and Horticulture.
Modern alkaline mordants have therefore been devised which can be employed for killing and mordanting furs at the same time.
Then, mordants were adopted to help fix the dyes, compounds of copper, iron, and chromium being used as formerly with the vegetable dyes, and the range of shades was also increased thereby.
By suitably combining severalmordants a considerable range of colors can be obtained with a single dye.
The solutions of the mordants are generally very alkaline, and not every fur can withstand more than a limited quantity of alkaline substance for longer than a comparatively short time.
With copper, and also with iron mordants no addition is made at all, or sometimes a small quantity of acetic acid is added.
While these alkaline mordants seem to have much in their favor, there are certain possible objectionable features which must be considered.
The author's students are furnished only stock materials and make their own cultures, mordants and stains.
The chlorides of tin, as well as the alkali stannates, are much used as mordants in dyeing processes.
An impure acetate of calcium used for making mordants in dyeing and calico printing, as a substitute for the more expensive acetate of lead.
With alum mordants it yields a very permanent yellow dye.
The mordants to be united with stuffs are, as we have seen, insoluble in themselves, for which reason their particles must be divided by solution in an appropriate vehicle.
Hence we must select such solvents as have a weaker affinity for the mordants than the mordants have for the stuffs.
In the employment of mordants in the ordinary processes of dyeing the goods are passed through the solution for a period varying, under different circumstances, according to the object in view.
Both the above are used to prepare tin mordants (about 12 oz.
We hereby perceive that recourse must indispensably be had to mordantsat different stages of concentration; a circumstance readily realized by varying the proportions of the watery vehicle.
Some mordants which seem sufficiently inspissated with starch, liquefy in the course of a few days; and being apt to run in the printing-on make blotted work.
The mordants should be applied pretty hot by a brush, on the hair of the skin, stretched upon a solid table; and after two or three applications, with drying between, the tinctorial infusions may be rubbed on in the same way.
Steam colours; a style in which a mixture of dye extracts and mordants are topically applied to calico, while the chemical reaction which fixes the colours to the fibre is produced by steam.
Fahrenheit), where it loses the remainder of its moisture, which would have prevented it from combining with the other mordants which it is afterwards to receive.
The mordants that are to be united with stuffs are, as we have seen, insoluble of themselves, for which reason their particles must be divided by solution in an appropriate vehicle.
Mordants or topical dyes, to be applied in this way, should not be much thickened.
All practical men know that certain aluminous mordants are decomposed by heating them, and restored on cooling, as Gay Lussac has pointed out.
Red mordants are thickened with British gum, and are sufficiently coloured with the addition of any tingeing decoction.
They are therefore apt to remain, and to dissolve a portion of the mordants at their immersion in the blue vat, or at any rate, in the dung bath.
In the padding or plaquage style, the whole cloth is passed through a bath of some particular mordant, and different mordants are afterwards printed on it before submitting it to the dye bath.
The art of producing figured patterns upon calico by means of dyes and mordants topically applied by wooden blocks, copper plates, or engraved cylinders.
The fibres of cotton have nearly the same affinity for mordants and the colouring matter of dyed stuffs as linen, and may be treated in the same manner.
The mordants are thickened with some glutinous substance, as flour, starch, or gum, to render them adhesive and to prevent their spreading.
One of the abovemordants is followed by a bath made by mixing equal parts of the decoctions of logwood, fustic, and Brazil-wood.
The discharge, or rongeant style, is the reverse of the preceding; it exhibits bright figures on a dark ground, which are produced by printing with acidulous or discharge mordants after the cloth has been passed through the colouring bath.
Alum mordants are mostly employed in dyeing with catechu.
After the thickened mordants have been applied to the fabric and properly fixed, it is necessary to remove the now useless thickening matter, together with the excess of mordant, which has not come into actual contact with the cloth.
The other mordants require two passages to ensure proper deposition of the mordant on the fibre.
The influence of varying proportions of mordants on the shade of dyeing.
The chrome mordants are those which are most commonly applied by the methods here sketched out, and with the large and increasing number of mordant dyes available, the processes should be worth attention from the cotton dyer.
With these, alumina, iron, and chromiummordants are used as chief mordants, either alone or in combination with one another, and with other bodies.
Their Uses and Applications as Mordants in Dyeing and Calico Printing, and their other Applications in the Arts, Manufactures, Sanitary Engineering, Agriculture and Horticulture.
The dye-stuff Dinitroso-resorcine or Solid green O is used along with iron mordants for producing fast greens and with chrome mordants for producing browns to a limited extent in cotton dyeing.
Chrome mordants can also be used and these produce darker shades than tin or alumina mordants.
The modern mordants are solutions of alumina; of the oxide of tin, oxide of iron, oxide of lead, &c.
It is evident enough that these substances applied were different mordants which served to fix the dye upon the cloth; the nature of these mordants cannot be discovered, as nothing specific seems to have been known to Pliny.
It is a substitute for cochineal and produces different shades of red, crimson, terra cotta, and purple, according to the other dyes and the mordants with which it is blended.
The most valuable of all mordants is alum; and the sulphate of iron and tin are largely employed in the case of red colours.
Stir thoroughly as each ingredient is added, for the evenness of the dye depends upon the thorough distribution of the mordants and color in the dye bath.
If the cloth has come out spotty, it may be redipped, having added more dye and mordants to the bath, but it will come out a darker shade.
Brass and copper vessels are to be preferred, while iron, or tin showing iron, are to be carefully avoided, as the mordants have a great affinity for iron and ruin the color.
Sidenote: Mordants] "For mordants I use Glauber salts and sulphuric acid, and with the weight of cloth I use, it takes 3 oz.
To detect these mordants a piece of the swatch should be burnt in a porcelain or platinum crucible over a bunsen burner, care being taken that all carbonaceous matter be burnt off.
How these assistant mordants act is somewhat uncertain, the explanation generally given is that they exert a slightly solvent action on the dye-stuff, and so prevent it from going upon the fibre too readily.
As mordanting materials bichromate of potash and fluoride of chrome are chiefly used when chrome mordants are required, sometimes chrome alum.
As no mordants are needed there is nothing to impart a harsh feel to the fabrics.
Alumina and chrome are the metallic mordants most commonly used in the dyeing of reds; sometimes tin is used, but never iron.
With chromium and aluminiummordants logwood dyes a dark blue, and even black; with tin, a dark purple; and with iron, black.
It dyes somewhat like Old Fustic, but gives with aluminium and tin mordants brighter yellows, for which colours it is chiefly used.
The mode of applying the mordants varies according to the nature of the fibre and the metallic salt employed, the chief mordants at present in use being salts of chromium, aluminium, tin, copper and iron.
Its dyeing properties resemble those of Quercitron Bark, but the yellows with aluminium and tin mordants are much brighter and purer, and also faster to light.
The salts of aluminum are used as mordants for the lighter shades, the salts of chromium for the medium shades, and iron for the dark shades.
It is decomposed by heat into oxide, nitrogen peroxide and oxygen; and is used for the manufacture of fusees and other deflagrating compounds, and also for preparing mordants in the dyeing and calico-printing industries.
They are finished off by paddling for 1 or 2 days in a fresh liquor containing much sumach, which mordants the skins and bleaches the bark tannage.
For darker shades of brown and red, the dyewoods are used both as mordants and ground colours, and titanium salts are useful as fixing agents.
With the use of iron mordants very fine shades of lilac may be obtained on silk with cochineal.
Mordants should not affect the physical characteristics of the fibres.
When mordants are used, they may be applied before or after the chrome bath, the cotton being worked in their cold solution.
Ferrous Sulphate, copperas, green vitriol) Iron is one of the oldest mordants known and is largely used in wool and cotton dyeing.
They understood the chemistry of bleaching, and the use of mordants in dyeing.
His fragmentary information, though often inaccurate, is most valuable to those who are seeking once more to find lasting colours, and despair of discovering mordants that will fix the aniline tints.
It is said that Mr. Wardle, of Leek, is now seeking for dyes of pure unadulterated colours, andmordants to fix them.
Knowing the efficacy of mordants with certain coloring matters, is there no mordant which we can generally apply with this desirable object in view?
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "mordants" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
