All hard soaps are made from soda, grease, and resin; the cheaper soaps contain free soda, the dearer ones contain an excess of fat.
He made use in turn of all the bottles, all the various soaps and powders; but his greatest pleasure was to dry his hands with the mayor's towels, which were so soft and thick.
This term was formerly applied to a mixture of palmitic and stearic acids, produced by decomposing the alkaline soaps of solid fats with an acid, but it is now given to a fatty acid which can only be obtained artificially.
On the subject of preservative soaps and powders, Mr Browne has a good deal to say, and gives no less than seventeen different receipts.
Dries slowly; makes softsoaps and good ointments, but bad plasters; smokes much in burning, unless well refined.
Of toiletsoaps there are two principal varieties:-- 1.
Soaps are also charged with disinfecting substances, as carbolic acid, etc.
There is a great variety ofsoaps upon the market, and language has been ransacked to find appropriate names for them.
In Toilet Soaps there is an equally wide range of choice, embracing every color and variegation of color, and every perfume that is agreeable to the smell.
Neither the soapsnor the powders have hitherto attained any toxicological importance, but the alkaline carbolates are very poisonous.
In the inferior carbolic acid soaps there is little or no carbolic acid, but cresylic takes its place.
Carbolic acid soaps= are also made on a large scale--the acid is free, and some of the soaps contain as much as 10 per cent.
Soaps made of some oils, such as cocoa-nut oil, for example, are more soluble in water than when made of tallow, etc.
Certain soaps are able to absorb a large quantity of water, and yet appear quite solid, and in purchasing large quantities of soap it is necessary, therefore, to determine the amount of water present.
In some cases the limesoaps act like mordants, attracting colouring matter unequally, and producing patchy effects.
Oleic acid soaps are excellent, but are rather expensive for wool; they are generally used for silks.
In making these palm-oil soaps it is better to err on the side of a little excess of free oil or fat, but if more than 1 per cent.
Handbook on the Preparation, Properties and Analysis of the Soaps and Oils used in Textile Manufacturing, Dyeing and Printing.
Some soaps also contain more alkali than is actually combined with the fatty acids of the soap, and that excess alkali is injurious in washing silks and scouring wool, and is also not good for the skin.
But this is not all, for colours are precipitated as lakes, and mordants also are precipitated, and thus wasted, in much the same sense as the soaps are.
The wool suint consists largely of the potash soaps of oleic and stearic acids.
They have the same property of fixing colors that resinous soapsused in the paper manufacture for gluing machine paper have.
The progress of practical chemistry has evidently reached a point at which the manufacture of agreeable toilet soaps at a low figure is possible.
Soaps and Proteins, Their Colloid Chemistry in Theory and Practice.
While the above mentioned soaps are probably the best known medicated soaps, there are numerous other soaps which may be classed under these kinds of soaps.
Satisfactory transparent soaps are made from the hardened oil Candelite, which replaces the tallow in transparent soap formulae such as have already been given in the section under "Transparent Soaps.
This inference, however, is by no means true for all soaps of this character.
Medicated soapsare not only used in solid form, but in powder, paste and liquid soap as well.
While transparent soapsmay be made by the above general methods they are usually made by the semi-boiled or cold process.
In dealing with potash soaps it is necessary to separate the fatty acids from these and use them as acetone dissolves too great a quantity of a potash soap.
Other formulae for cold made transparent soaps made as just outlined follow: I.
Phenol (Carbolic Acid) is most extensively used in soaps of this kind, which are called carbolic soaps.
The only difference in a soap like those just referred to is that the medicant is incorporated with these forms of soaps as convenience directs.
The soaps used to scour wool and for fulling the woven cloth are usually made as cheaply as possible.
The cresols are also extensively used for making soaps named carbolic.
The glycerine may be obtained from half boiled and cold made soaps as well as soft (potash) soaps.
If any of the soaps containing a high proportion of cocoanut oil are boiled the soap will float.
There are other reasons why potash soaps have not been used; originally soft soap was made either with fish oil or olive oil.
A potash soap is soft, because it is the nature of all potash soaps to be so, just in the same way that on the other hand all soda soaps are hard.
Potash soaps are generally superior to soda soaps for most purposes, but more especially in washing wool and woolen goods.
As an actual fact a good potash soap contains less water than many quite hard soda soaps that are now in the market.
The Soaps made with most of these other matters are neither so hard, nor so white, as that made of Olive Oil: they are called Soft Soaps.
They differ from the common artificialSoaps in several respects; but chiefly in this, that their saline part is an Acid, whereas that of common Soap is an Alkali.
Acid Soaps are decompounded by alkalis, as alkaline Soaps are by acids, according to the general rules of affinities.
But as soaps are soluble in water, as well as in Spirit of Wine, they cannot be separated, by the addition of water, from the Spirit in which they are dissolved.
The ordinarysoaps are made by heating fats with a solution of sodium hydroxide.
Strong soaps containing an excess of alkali are bad enough at any time, but during the hot weather they are particularly trying to almost any skin.
Say a fond farewell to all highly-scented soaps and bring yourself down to a steady and constant faith in the pure white imported castile.
However, let me say right here that no soap at all is better than a cheap scented soap, and unless the very best and purest soaps can be had it is much more desirable to substitute almond meal or something of the sort.
All fats, when saponified, yield soaps and either glycerol or (more rarely) some of the other alcohols which are described below.
Experimenters have obtained many conflicting results with soaps when tested on different organisms, as is to be expected from the great variations in this article.
Medicated soaps do not appear to offer any advantages in this respect.
My mother, my sister and myself made presents of mirrors, perfumes, soaps and similar toilet accessories which we had brought with us from Paris.
We had learned Her Majesty's taste already during our short stay there, so including those presents we also gave her fans, perfumes, soaps and some other French novelties.
She was also pleased with soaps and powder that would beautify the skin.
Illustration: Ivory Soap] High priced toiletsoaps cost more than the Ivory, not because the soap itself is any better, but by reason of the expensive wrappings, boxes and perfume.
Hard water contains salts of Ca and Mg, and when soap is used with it the Na is at once replaced by these metals, and insoluble Ca or Mg soaps are formed.
The abovesoaps constitute the real body or base of all the fancy scented soaps as made by the perfumers, which are mixed and remelted according to the following formula:-- The remelting process is exceedingly simple.
In a general way, soaps scented in this way retail from 4s.
The primary soaps are divided into hard and soft soaps: the hard soaps contain soda as the base; those which are soft are prepared with potash.
Where cheap soaps are required, not much acumen is necessary to discern that by omitting the expensive perfumes, or lessening the quantity, the object desired is attained.
These soaps are prepared by adding the medicant to curd soap, and then making in a tablet form for use.
All the very highly scented soaps are, however, perfumed cold, in order to avoid the loss of scent, 20 per cent.
It is available principally for soda soaps, which are the most common; but it may be also employed with corresponding alterations for soaps which have other bases.
When the soaps are all melted, it is then colored, if so required, and then the perfume is added, the whole being thoroughly incorporated with the crutch.
The choice of soaps has considerable influence in promoting and maintaining this desideratum.
Those soaps which ensure a moderate fairness and flexibility of the skin are the most desirable for regular use.
The mottled appearance of some soaps is caused by dispersing the ley through it, towards the close of the operation, or by adding a quantity of sulphate of iron, indigo, or the oxide of manganese.
Inferior grades may be used for soaps or for glycerin and perhaps nitroglycerin.
Glucose is used in place of sugar as a filler for cheap soaps and for leather.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "soaps" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
