Bright and fast orange yellows are got by mordanting with 8 per cent stannous chloride instead of alum.
There are thus two processes concerned with the dyeing of most colours; the first is mordanting and the second is the colouring or actual dyeing.
GREEN FOR WOOL Mordant with alum and cream of tartar, add to the mordanting bath a little weld or fustic.
The brightest yellows are got from it by mordanting with tin.
Greys may be obtained with 1 to 5 per cent of logwood after mordanting in a weak solution of iron.
Tannic acid is the best tannin for mordantingas it is the purest and is free from any other colouring matter; it is, therefore, used for pale and bright shades.
For less bright colours one mordanting may be sufficient.
The mordantingprepares the stuff to receive the dye (mordere, to bite).
Also by adding 3 to 4 per cent Alum to the mordanting bath a still greener shade can be obtained.
The temperature of the mordanting bath must be raised very gradually to boiling point or the wool will dye unevenly.
Before mordanting with alum, the cotton is often prepared with tannic acid.
Washing between mordanting and dyeing is not absolutely essential.
The washing aftermordanting is not always essential.
When used as a mordant before dyeing, the wool is entered into the cold mordanting bath, containing 4 per cent.
If 3% to 4% alum is added to the mordanting bath, a still greener shade is obtained.
The brightest yellows are got from it by mordanting with Tin.
The mordanting prepares the stuff to receive the dye--(mordere, to bite.
It is usual to wash wool or cotton after mordanting with chrome, but some dyers do not think it necessary.
Tannic acid is the best tannin for mordanting cotton and linen, as it is the purest and is free from any other colouring matter.
Bright and fast orange yellows are got by mordantingwith 8% Stannous chloride instead of alum.
By mordanting with Copperas, either alone or after an Alum bath, violet and brown shades can be got.
The wool is dyed first in the blue vat; then washed and dried; then after mordanting dyed in the yellow bath.
A study of the formula discloses the fact that in it are combined killing and mordanting substances as well as dyeing materials.
Some typical average mordanting formulas are as follows: Chrome mordant.
With the exercise of care, there is little reason for the mordanting operations to go wrong.
The skins are then drained and hydro-extracted, or pressed, and are then ready for the subsequent operations of mordanting and dyeing.
As far as the third method of mordanting is concerned, that of first applying the dye, and then the mordant, it is rarely practised with the brush method.
Machinery such as is used for killing is suitable for mordanting also.
Water 1 liter The killed skins are immersed in the mordanting solution, and allowed to remain the required length of time.
In this patent all the operations, including killing, mordanting and dyeing are done by the brush method, and the process, from this point of view is quite similar to one which might have been employed a century previous.
Iron liquor is really a solution of ferrous acetate that contains certain organic impurities which prevent, or rather, considerably retard the oxidation of the iron salt, but which in no way interfere with its mordanting properties.
Recently, aluminum sulphate has to a large extent replaced alum for mordanting purposes, because it can be obtained very cheaply in pure form, and it contains a greater amount of active aluminum compound than does alum.
Blacks may be obtained from logwood by several methods, either by previous mordanting of the wool or by the stuffing and saddening methods, or by the one-bath process.
As neither of these bodies, however, is very energetic it follows that the action must be a slow one, and, therefore, time is a highly important factor in the dyeing of wool by the mordanting process.
A very fine bright shade is obtained by mordanting as in the last, and then dyeing with 10 lb.
This hawking machine will be found useful in dyeing indigo on wool, in mordanting and dyeing wool with the Alizarine series of dyes.
It is not a costly process, being indeed economical, as it only requires just the right amounts of drugs and dye-stuffs, and there is the minimum loss of material in the mordanting and dye-baths.
The labour is the most important item in the mordanting and dyeing method.
A red shade of blue almost approaching a navy is obtained by mordanting with bichromate of potash, as in the last recipe, and dyeing with 12 lb.
Between the mordanting and dyeing the wool should be well rinsed.
They have, however, a tendency to turn green on exposure to the weather, which tendency seems to be most prevalent in those blacks in which sulphuric acid has been used as the acid constituent of the mordanting bath.
The mordanting method is one of the most generally useful.
A full shade is dyed by first mordanting with 3 lb.
After tanning and boraxing to neutralize the acidity of the chrome liquor, the goods are washed up, sammied, shaved, and are ready formordanting previous to dyeing.
Mordanting fabrics has a similar object,--the adsorption of colloidogenic substances which give rise to an adsorbent gel on the fibre.
In dyeing with coal tar colours the alizarin colours may be used after mordanting with chrome alum.
The cotton fibre has some affinity for the tannic acid used in preparing it and absorbs it from the mordanting bath.
Or a mordanting salt may be used, containing some volatile acid that on being subjected to a subsequent steaming is decomposed.
The practice of tanning ormordanting cotton with tannin is variously carried on by dyers.
Prior to their introduction cotton dyeing was always more or less complicated and mordanting methods had to be employed.
In place of giving a second oiling after the dyeing, it is, perhaps, better to give it after the mordanting and before dyeing.
It is advisable to reduce the strength of the oiling and mordanting baths down to one-half.
In some cases the cotton is passed through alternate baths containing, on one hand, the mordanting salt, e.
In dyeing with these colours the cotton is first of all impregnated with the mordanting oxide, and afterwards placed in the dye-bath, the mordant already fixed on the fibre then reacts with the dye, and absorbs it, thus dyeing the cotton.
Following on the mordanting operations comes the dyeing, which is carried out in the following manner.
One of the most important operations following that of dyeing is the washing with water to free the goods, whether cotton or woollen, from all traces of loose dye, acids, mordanting materials, etc.
This method of mordanting is subject to considerable variations as regards the order in which the various operations are carried out, the strength of the baths, and their composition.
Almost all substantive colours may, however, be fixed on cotton and linen by first preparing or mordanting those vegetable fibres.
If we desire to utilise the whole of the chromic acid in our mordanting liquor, we must add to it some sulphuric acid to set free the chromic acid from the potassium with which it is combined.
Now the use of certain coal-tar black dyes in place of logwood obviates this use of bichrome, and thus the heavy stress on the fibre in mordanting with it.
The mordanting operation aims at fixing upon the fibre the necessary metallic oxide or insoluble basic salt, which is called the mordant, although the term is also applied to the original metallic salt employed.
This form of machine is particularly suited for the mordanting and dyeing of heavy goods.
The method of mordanting wool depends upon its property of decomposing metallic salts, and fixing upon itself an insoluble metallic compound, when boiled in their solutions.
Another method of mordanting cotton is to fix the metallic salt on the fibre as a tannate instead of an oleate.
There are other methods of mordanting cotton besides those mentioned, but the main object in all cases is to fix an insoluble metallic compound on the fibre.
After mordanting and fixing of the mordant, the cotton is well washed and dyed in the cold or at 60 deg.
Crimson is dyed by mordanting the wool with alum and tartar and dyeing in a separate bath with ground cochineal.
The same plan of operations may be adopted here as is described for calico-printing; the main difference being in the method of mordanting the stuffs.
The direct dyes are so called because they dye cotton without the aid of any mordanting process.
The method ofmordanting varies with the fibre and the metallic salt employed.
They are decorated with colored buri straw, usually in some shade of red produced by mordanting with kolis leaves and boiling with sappan wood as explained for buri straw.
The leaves of this plant (Memecylon edule) are commonly used in mordanting buri straw before dyeing it with sappan wood.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "mordanting" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
