Sub-divisions In the northern Districts the landholding Lodhis are divided into a number of exogamous clans who marry with each other in imitation of the Rajputs.
But in Chota Nagpur the Bhuiyas have their own villages and live apart from the Hindus, and here the Rajwars, like the landholding branches of other forest tribes, claim to be an inferior class of Rajputs.
Thus the zamindars of Bilaspur, who originally belonged to the Kawar tribe, call themselves Tuar or Tomara Rajputs, and the landholding section of the Mundas in Chota Nagpur say that they are of the Nagvansi clan.
In the Central Provinces the Nagvansi Rajputs number about 400 persons, nearly all of whom are found in the Chhattisgarh Districts and Feudatory States, and are probably descendants of Kol or Munda landholding families.
Brahmans will not usually enter their houses, though they have begun to do so in the case of the landholding subcastes.
Thus the landholding section of the Kols or Mundas of Chota Nagpur have a long legend [547] of their descent from a princess who married a snake in human form, and hence call themselves Nagvansi Rajputs; and Dr.
This division of the superior branch of a caste into large exogamous clans and the lower one into endogamous subcastes is only found, so far as is known, among the Rajputs and one or two landholding castes who have imitated them.
Again, some landholding sections of the primitive tribes have assumed the names of Rajput clans.
The landholding Rathor Telis of Mandla, who now claim to be Rathor Rajputs, will be more fully noticed later.
Subsequently the Halbas served as soldiers in the armies of the Ratanpur kings and their position no doubt considerably improved, so that in Bastar they became an important landholding caste.
In the Central Provinces the main body of the tribe, and particularly those who belong to the landholding class, profess the Hindu religion.
But the term practically comprises the landholding subdivision of the Gonds, and any proprietor who was willing to pay for the privilege could probably get his family admitted into the Raj-Gond group.
Of the important subcastes here the Rautia and Rautele take their name from Rawat, a prince, and appear to be a military or landholding group.
Discriminatory taxes, too; pinched the small landholding and industrial barons and favored a few big ones.
A king owes his position to the support of his great nobles; they owe theirs to their barons and landholding knights; they owe theirs to their people.
I have heard it talked over by every class of person, from a landholding peer to a not very sober car-driver, and the view taken is always the same.
In the first place, we cannot say, even approximately, what proportion of the totallandholding population was displaced.
Ormesby in Norfolk, where in 1516 thirty-one tenants holding "in farm" formed the whole landholding population (R.
On the other hand, even when they lost nothing else, the rest of the landholding population was deprived of some of the rights of grazing which they had exercised on the enclosed arable after harvest.
Still, in spite of the varieties of copyhold tenure, it is useful to know that to the bulk of the population in the sixteenth century landholding meant holding by copy of court roll according to the custom of the manor.
Let us begin by trying to see how the landholding classes were composed.
But with them for the present we are not concerned, and if we confine our attention to the landholding peasantry we can see that to them the backwardness of trade was a positive advantage.
Those who benefited by it were not so much the workers for wages, as the landholding peasants.
Are we not driven to think of the township as almost a landholding corporation?
It's one of the pleasures of landholding to be given that sort of opportunity.
It will suffice us to glance at a few of the most essential of these institutions in which landholding appears as a ruling principle.
Sidenote: Rivalry of the commercial and landholding classes in Europe] 6.
While in England the protection that existed before 1846 was almost entirely for the benefit of the landholding interests, the tariff in America has been peculiarly favorable to manufactures.
George thus came to believe that, with private ownership in land, competition steadily robbed all but landlords, even the non-landholding capitalist, of any share in the benefits of progress.
In the new land there was reason to hope, however, that this system of social relations based upon landholding would soon work its way back to the vigor which it had displayed in mediaeval days.
The extent of landholding in the gubernia of Ryazañ (districts of Ranenburg and Dankoff) may be considered as characteristic of the central and most crowded part of the black soil zone, while the gubernia of Voronezh (d.
Should we fix the increase oflandholding needed by the peasants at 40 per cent.
We are now brought face to face with the question of how small peasant landholding is influenced by this parcelling.
In a region confined mainly to agriculture, landholding is the determining factor of economic life.
It was only as political institutions that individual landholding and personal dependence of the peasant were to become the foundations of social life in Russia.
Hundreds of millions were appropriated in the course of a few years to prevent the complete ruin of the landholding nobility.
Should we find the same condition of landholding amidst similar surroundings, physical, geographical and legal, we might be justly entitled to assume throughout identity of economic structure.
The investigations made by the statisticians of the zemstvo, showed that the struggle over the form of landholding was very obstinate and lasted for years.
Klutschefsky advanced the opinion that the growth of communal landholding was due to the policy of the Government, which saw in this form of ownership a means of guaranteeing the fiscal interest.
The idea of this classification is to divide historical landed property of the nobility from landholding for mercantile purposes, as well as from that in which the owner may be supposed to be himself the tiller of his land.
To put peasant landholding upon a proper footing in the famine-stricken region, many times more land would be required than that purchased by all the peasants throughout Russia with the aid of the Peasant’s Bank.
Thereby the intermediate form passes into communal landholding proper, or agrarian communism.
Serfdom was abolished and the restrictions on landholding removed, so that any one, regardless of class, was at liberty to purchase and hold landed property of every kind.
Sidenote: Conditions of landholding in the later Roman Empire.
Consequently, when a landholding churchman died, some one had to be chosen in his place who should enjoy his property and perform his duties.
In the mediaeval period the manorial system of landholding developed, whereby the lord and his retainers claimed the land by their right of occupation and the power to hold, whether this came through conquest, force of arms, or agreement.
The principal features of this unique system were devised as a compromise between a thoroughgoing democracy based on universal suffrage and a government exclusively by the landholding aristocracy.
Their system of landholding was non-feudal, inasmuch as each man's land was divided among all his sons.
Another change in the system of landholdingtook place in those reigns.
It is difficult to estimate the effect which the Tudor policy had upon the landholding of England.
See Ross, "Early History ofLandholding among the Germans.
It is further stated that the twelve archers when they fired the memorable arrows in the forest were in pursuit of a wild boar; and the landholding class of Binjhwars are called Bariha from barah, a boar.
They have profited much from gifts and bequests of land for charitable purposes and are one of the largest landholding castes.
They are in fact the landholdingsection of the Baigas, like the Raj-Gonds among the Gonds and the Bhilalas among Bhils.
This earliest form of Roman landholding serves to explain how there sprang from the great landlords in Rome a landed, and not an urban, nobility.
If such then was the footing on which landholding on a large scale stood in the earliest times, it was far from being an open sore in the commonwealth; on the contrary, it was of most material service to it.
In an analysis of the status of the Virginia population with regard to landholding at the time of the dissolution of the company in 1624, Professor Manning C.
Before analyzing the nature of landholding and the land policy that was adopted in early Virginia, let us examine first the problem that arose by virtue of the presence of the Indians in North America.
What else could be expected from a Congress which represented the commercial and landholding classes?
Turning from the field of manufacturing labor to that of agriculture and landholding it will be found that there has been some legislation for the protection of the agricultural laborer analogous to the factory laws.
Again, the aristocratic orlandholding sections of several existing tribes are at present, as has been seen, permitted to rank with the good Hindu cultivating castes.
The landholding subdivision of the Gond tribe; a section of Chamar and Kachhi.
The small Rautia landholding caste of Chota Nagpur, mainly derived from the Kol tribe, was formed from military service, and obtained a higher status with the possession of the land exactly like the Khandaits.
Name of a landholdingcaste in Benares and Bengal who claim to be Brahmans or Rajputs.
Synonym for Bhuinhar, being the name of a landholding caste in Bengal.
Agriculture andLandholding at the time of the Discovery and Conquest.
Ever since the Black Death a silent but bitter contention had been in progress between the landholding classes and their tenants, more especially those who were still villeins, and bound to the soil.
Thus the landholding classes shared in the prosperity of the manufacturers.
