The connection, then, between the cranial deformity and some underlying nervous disturbance might be assumed.
The bones of the skull are likely to be thicker and heavier than usual, thus also limiting the cranial capacity.
With regard to many cranial deformities, and especially various thickenings of the cranial bones, it must not be forgotten that they are not the expression of physical heredity, but are often pathologically acquired.
The most frequent form of death from intra-cranial causes is apoplexy.
The {275} jaw articulates with the base of the skull, and as a consequence the cranial capacity of these individuals is distinctly less than normal.
Cranial measurements were taken in the manner described by Wetzel (Jour.
In this ratio the interior groups have the highest index, a condition owing more to deficiency incranial breadth than to superior head height.
Head size as expressed by the cranialmodule averages 157.
Footnote 14: Cranial measurements are not distorted by cradling practice or other causes of deformation.
Cranial and facial assymetry are generally lacking, at least in any marked degree.
Relative to head length, the cranial vault of Fijians is high.
The interior mountain tribes of Fiji have narrower heads and lower cranial indices than do the coastal and eastern groups.
Subperiosteal hemorrhages of the cranialbones were constantly seen, and not infrequently involvement of the scapula and of the maxilla.
The basisphenoid forms the floor of the middle part of the cranial cavity and the ventromedial down-pouching that contains the pituitary body.
The parietals are fused into one large bone that forms the roof and sides of the middle part of the cranial cavity.
The edges of the depressed portions of bone had become smooth, and united by new osseous matter, and the cerebrum must have accommodated itself to the new form of the innercranial surface.
Many criteria of race differences have in the past been proposed, as color, hair, cranial measurements and language.
Is it the physical differences of blood, color andcranial measurements?
Mr. Davis, of England, having a collection of about eighteen hundred cranial specimens obtained from different quarters of the globe, ascertained the relative volume of brain in different races, by filling the skulls with dry sand.
The cranial bones are composed of two dense plates, between which there is, in most places a cancellated or cellular tissue.
The contrast in their cranial developments was no greater than that of their lives.
In the vertebrates, the organs of vision are supplied with filaments from the second pair of cranial nerves.
But this supposition, together with the theory of the transmission of sound through the various portions of the cranial bones, has been exploded.
Veddah women stand only about 4 feet 9 inches high, the computed cranial capacity of the much taller Pithecanthropus is comparatively very low indeed.
Further information as to brain weight and cranial capacity, will be found in the author's treatise on "Aphasia and the Localisation of Articulate Language," chapter xii.
When the cranial measurements were averaged for the age groups the curves showed a relationship to age but the relationship of mean measurements is of little use in determining the age of individual specimens.
When she was in deep sleep the brain remained motionless beneath the crest of the cranial bones; when she was dreaming it became somewhat elevated; and when she was awake it was protruded through the fissure in the skull.
When the man was awake, the region of scalp in question was always nearly on a level with the upper surface of the cranial bones.
She is about the average height of her sex, with cranial development possibly a little in excess.
Finally, when a state of complete anaesthesia was reached, it was perceived that the surface of the brain was far below the level of the cranial fissure, and that its vessels conveyed black blood alone.
The fact that no organic difficulty of the brain was discovered after death, is strong proof that the somnolency was due to some cause affecting the intra-cranial circulation.
Its volume slowly decreased; many of its smaller blood-vessels became invisible, and finally it was so much contracted that its surface, pale and apparently deprived of blood, was far below the level of the cranial wall.
But, whatever the cause, there is always, while the condition exists, an excessive amount of blood in the cranial vessels.
Therefore the nature of the cranial crests is of little value in separating two populations, but the color pattern of the females and the nature of the dorsal tubercles of the males do show distinct differences.
Six specimens from Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, have cranial crests that are lower than those in specimens from Guatemala.
These apparently were referred to perplexus solely on the nature of the cranial crests.
These observations suggest the presence of a cline in the development of the cranial crests; specimens have higher crests in the southern part of the range than in the northern part.
Those from Michoacan have low and narrow cranial crests; in about one-half of the specimens the occipital crest exists only as a row of tubercles, and in some the postorbital and suborbital crests are barely discernible.
But what your methods, so plausible in effect, certainly do show is how easy it may be to confabulate an explanation that goes no deeper than a phrenological reading of cranial bumps or than a seance in the cabinet of a palmist.
In fact, the cranial nerves, by detailed examination, are intact, except in so far as respiration and speech are concerned.
Developmental Cranial Morphology of Smilisca baudini The following description of development of the skull of Smilisca baudini is based on the examination of 12 cleared and stained specimens.
The differences in cranial characters and certain external characters between phaeota and cyanosticta indicate that they are distinct species.
The evolutionary changes that took place in this line included increase in size, development of a lateral curvature of the maxillary, and an increased amount of cranial ossification, especially in the dermal roofing bones.
The shape of the snout and the associated cranial elements of S.
Within the sordida group the cranial features remained unchanged in one line, which gave rise to S.
Our studies on the external morphology, coloration, and especially the cranial osteology provide evidence that cyanosticta is a species distinct from phaeota.
Ossification proceeds rapidly from the maxillaries medially to the unossified ethmoid, which is the last of the cranial bones to appear.
In these cranial characters, specimens from the Meseta Central are intermediate between the two lowland populations.
On the basis of cranial osteology two species-groups can be recognized within the genus Smilisca.
Stokely and List (1954) described early cranial development in the hylid Pseudacris triseriata triseriata.
The fibromatosis may also affect the cranial nerves, the ganglia on the posterior nerve roots, the nerves within the vertebral canal, and the sympathetic nerves and ganglia, as well as the continuations of the motor nerves within the muscles.
Other cranial nerves, particularly the oculomotor and the hypoglossal, may also be implicated.
Bones formed entirely in membrane, that is, those of the face and of the cranial vault, are also exempt.
The Cranial nerves# are considered with affections of the head and neck (Vol.
The cranial nerves may be pressed upon at the base, especially at their points of exit, and this gives rise to symptoms of irritation or paralysis in the area of distribution of the nerves affected.
Large areas of the cranial vault may remain membranous.
Their cranial characteristics 'are the strongly developed coronary ridge, the obliquity of the zygoma, and its greater capacity compared with the Indian cranium.
Blumenbach's classification is based uponcranial admeasurements, complexion, and texture of the hair.
Humboldt characterizes the nations of America as one race, by their straight glossy hair, thin beard, swarthy complexion, and cranial formation.
Prichard makes three principal types of cranial conformation, which he denominates respectively, the civilized races, the nomadic or wandering races, and the savage or hunting races.
And now, to return to the fossil skulls, and to the rank which they occupy among, or beyond, these existing varieties ofcranial conformation.
Meyer, are most distinct on the inner surface of the cranial bones.
The cranial capacity, compared with the uncommon strength of the corporeal frame, would seem to indicate a small cerebral development.
It will be observed that these diagrams reveal an immense range of variation in the capacity and relative proportion to the cranial axis, of the different regions of the cavity which contains the brain, in the different skulls.
Wilson's valuable paper "On the supposed prevalence of one Cranial Type throughout the American aborigines.
The cranial difference between the highest Ape's skull and the lowest Man's is therefore very strikingly brought out by these measurements.
The forehead is narrow and low, though the middle and hinder portions of the cranial arch are well developed.
Pertaining to both the tongue and the pharynx; -- applied especially to the ninth pair of cranial nerves, which are distributed to the pharynx and tongue.
Of or pertaining to the movement of the eye; -- applied especially to the common motor nerves (or third pair of cranial nerves) which supply many of the muscles of the orbit.
It includes all the hindbrain except the cerebellum and pons, and from it a large part of the cranial nerves arise.
Polish, early development of cranial peculiarities of, i.
To this prevading[TN-1] cranialtype I have already adverted.
All these "osseous remains" belong to the palaeolithic period, and from the cranial indices it is thus clear that palaeolithic man was long-headed.
Although the median Kalabit index in the living subject is somewhat higher, that of the skulls, as well as the cranial index of Muruts and Trings (Table C), is very similar in this respect to that of the Ulu Ayars.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "cranial" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
