The gall-bladder which was very much contracted and nearly empty, contained eight calculi and forty-seven specimens of the Distoma lanceolatum, all of which were sexually mature.
This mistaken idea has lately been exploded by the improved chemistry, as no calcareous earth, or a very minute quantity, was found in the calculianalysed by Scheel and Bergman.
The absence of the gall bladder may account to a certain extent for his freedom from liver diseases, as overdistention of this and the presence in it of calculi (stones) in man is a frequent source of trouble.
Symptoms of renal calculi are violent, colicky, pains, appearing suddenly, very often in connection with exhausting work or the drawing of specially heavy loads, and in certain cases disappearing with equal suddenness.
Carbonate of lime, therefore, is a very common constituent of urinary calculi in herbivora, and in many cases is the most abundant constituent.
By this means it is possible to discover or locate cysts of the kidneys, urinary calculi in the ureters, bladder, or upper urethra, malformations, and acute inflammations accompanied by pain.
The color of calculi varies from white to yellow and deep brown, the shades depending mainly on the amount of the coloring matter of blood, bile, or urine which they may contain.
Intestinal concretions (calculi or stones in the intestines).
Such calculi therefore are primarily formed either in the bladder or kidney, and have the chemical composition of the other calculi found in those organs.
Treatment is unsatisfactory, as it is only the small calculi that can pass through the ureters and escape into the bladder.
Treatment of urethral calculus may be begun by an attempt to extract the calculi by manipulation of the papilla on the end of the penis.
When the calculi attain a sufficient size and become lodged or blocked in some part of the intestines, they cause obstruction, inflammation of the bowels, colicky symptoms, and death.
Intestinal calculi form around some foreign body, as a rule--a nail or piece of wood--whose shape they may assume to a certain extent.
The poor animals were destroyed; but all of them, as I had anticipated, had generated calculi of various chemical composition.
Nature, I said to myself, forms calculi by uniting organic elements, by crystallizing them, and by cementing them with vesical mucus.
In performing lithotomy, these calculi would not be within reach of the forceps.
Mucous and sabulous deposits often lodge in it; and calculi are occasionally retained there, may attain a large size, and may give rise to very unpleasant and even dangerous symptoms.
Complete and fatal retention has arisen from calculi having become impacted in the urethra, and been allowed to remain there, blocking up the passage entirely.
Calculi sometimes lodge in the urethra, obstructing the flow of urine, becoming firmly impacted, and increasing in size.
Even when the calculiare of considerable size, they can be removed, as well as other foreign matter, by dilatation of the urethra, effected gradually.
Sometimes there are several encysted calculi in the same bladder, but in such cases they are seldom of large size.
The passage or lodgement of calculi in the canal has induced stricture even in children: and calculus in the bladder is supposed sometimes to produce disease in the urethra, and vice versâ.
The presence of calculior other foreign bodies, over distention, &c.
Concretions andcalculi are collections of earthy salts, the former lying within tissues, the latter being present in canals opening externally.
The earthy matter of which the concretion is composed consists mainly of carbonate and phosphate of calcium, while the chemical properties of the calculioften vary in accordance with the nature of the secretion which flows by them.
The salivary, pancreatic, intestinal, lachrymal, and prostatic calculi are chiefly formed of calcareous salts.
Calculi act as local causes of inflammation, and their presence is likely to be followed by ulceration, abscess, and stenosis, perhaps obliteration, of the smaller canals in which they may lie.
Nevertheless, much can be done towards preventing the formation of calculiin those who have a tendency to their formation, by attention to diet, by taking proper exercise, and by the internal administration of drugs.
The treatment of vesical calculi by other means than operative surgery is of little value.
But there is no need to dwell much upon the diagnosis, for the passage of renal or hepatic calculi has always attendant symptoms and features of constitutional history, which ought to preserve the physician from mistake.
The passage of renal or hepatic calculi may give rise to symptoms falsely suggesting neuralgia, which require just to be mentioned here.
Of the nature and causes of urinary calculi in the bladder we know very little.
There has been usually great difficulty in the urinary evacuation; and at length one of the calculi enters the urethra, and so blocks up the flow of the urine that mortification ensues.
Twice I have seen calculi absolutely crushed in the bladder of a dog; and Mr. Blaine says that he found no fewer than 40 or 50 in the bladder of a Newfoundland dog.
There are some instances in which as many as 20 or 30 small calculihave been taken from the bladder of a dog.
I cannot say with Mr. Blaine that I have seen not less than 40 or 50 calculi in my museum; but I have seen too many fearful examples of the complaint.
In the ox and ram, small calculi collect in the S-shaped curvature of the urethra, or at its terminal extremity.
Obtained from cystic oxide calculi (in powder) by digestion in solution of ammonia.
In pathology, a term popularly applied to calculous matter formed in the kidneys, and passing off in the urine; and sometimes to distinct calculi or concretions in the bladder itself.
There being nothing more conducive to the deposition of biliarycalculi than a well-filled gall-bladder.
It is likewise a common constituent, either as the free acid or as a urate, of urinary or renal calculiand of the so-called gouty concretions.
Defn: The formation of stony concretions or calculi in any part of the body, especially in the bladder and urinary passages.
An instrument for feeling aftercalculi in the bladder, etc.
Gouty concretions, calculi (urate of sodium) formed in the joints, kidneys, etc.
Excretion of calcium in the urine is accompanied by risk of its deposition as calculi or "kidney stones" in the urinary tract.
Renal and biliary calculi are too common to need mention here.
Vosberg mentions a calculus in a patent urachus; and calculi have occasionally been known to pass from the umbilicus.
Of the extravesical calculisome are true calculi, while others are simply the result of calcareous or osseous degeneration.
Umbilical calculi are sometimes seen, and Deani reports such a case.
Hunt speaks of eightcalculi removed from the urethra of a boy of five.
The calculi in this case consisted chiefly of phosphate of magnesium and ammonium.
Large calculi of the kidney are mentioned in Chapter XV.
Aetius, Marcellus Donatus, Scaliger, and Schenck mention calculi of the eyelids.
Herman and the Ephemerides mention cases of calculi in the seminal vesicles.
He died of ague, and at the autopsy it was found that the verumontanum was hard and of the size of a walnut and that the ejaculatory ducts contained calculi about the size and shape of peas.
Croft gives an account of some preputial calculi removed from two natives of the Solomon Islands by an emigrant medical officer in Fiji.
The great number of calculi which have been found in every part of the body, and the obstructions, confirm the generality of this morbific cause, to which are due most of the diseases of the liver.
Van Helmont’s theory of urinary calculi deserves peculiar attention, because it exhibits the germ of a more rational explanation of these concretions than had been previously attempted by physiologists.
He satisfied himself that urinary calculi differ completely from common stones, and that they do not exist in the food or drink which the calculous person had taken.
Urinary calculi are the consequences of a coagulating acid existing in the lymph and the pancreatic juice.
When the tartarous matter is increased by certain articles of food, renal calculi are engendered, a calculous paroxysm is induced, and violent pain is occasioned.
However interesting and even instructive it might be, any history of the various operations for the removal of calculi from the bladder would be quite out of place in a manual such as this.
Where the calculi are very numerous, or where many fragments have separated, the scoop will be found useful, both for detecting and removing them.
Salivary calculi are most commonly met with in the submaxillary gland or its duct.
The symptoms of renal calculipassing from a kidney to the bladder are, as already indicated, severe cutting pain in the loins, and along the ureter, attended with considerable fever.
Small calculi or gravel are readily removed in a few moments' time by the new method.
When there are a number of calculi in the bladder, the rubbing of one against another causes the faces of them to become very smooth.
Calculi vary in size, hardness, weight, shape, and position; likewise are more frequent in dogs than bitches.
Calculi composed entirely of the triple phosphate of magnesia-and-ammonia are rare; but specimens, in which this salt constitutes the predominant ingredient, are by no means uncommon.
Cure of Urinary Calculi by means of the internal use of the Bicarbonate of Soda.
PROUT calculates, from the data collected by him, that about one-third of the urinary calculi which occur, are of the lithic acid species, and that another third are formed on a nucleus of this acid.
The calculi are perceptible to the touch, they are setting up an inflammatory condition which will end fatally, but perhaps it is not too late to remove them.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "calculi" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
