As an example of the utility and, indeed, the necessity of applying the embryological method Huxley takes the case of the quadrate bone in birds.
Valve circular, elliptical to linear, quadrate or cruciform, with transverse costae; without raphe, a pseudoraphe sometimes wanting.
At which command, the powers militant That stood for heaven, in mighty quadrate joined.
Archaic] The objections of these speculatists of its forms do not quadratewith their theories.
Defn: Plaiting or joining together; -- said of a bone next above the quadrate in the mandibular suspensorium of many fishes, which unites together the other bones of the suspensorium.
Defn: An order of reptiles having biconcave vertebræ, immovable quadrate bones, and many other peculiar osteological characters.
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or representing the pterygoid and quadrate bones or cartilages.
It is a fine upright column about seven feet high, and stands on a quadrate base.
It is a neatquadrate edifice with a courtyard in which stands a large stone basin.
Thyng, who has carefully reviewed all the other theories, the balance of evidence tends to show that the quadrate has been taken up into the inner ear, where it is represented among the auditory ossicles by the incus.
An osteological question which has been much discussed is the fate of the reptilian quadrate bone in the mammalian skull.
The ornamentations consist of cruciform and quadrate figures on the handle.
Frequently a series of quadrate blotches or squares produced by variously colored lines runs from the apex of the piece inserted in the skirt to the collar.
The quadrate bone is regarded as a detached portion of the temporal; on the signification of this we do not now propose to dwell.
It is with the quadratebone also that the inferior maxillary articulates.
We also note the quadrate bone, which is situated on the lateral part of the cranium, is movable on this latter, and acts as an intermediary between it, the bones of the face, and the lower jaw.
The quadrate is elongated, with a very large pneumatic foramen.
The paroccipital processes are shorter and more rounded, and the basi-occipital tubercles more prominent than in Anomalopteryx, while the quadrate and mandible resemble the same bones in that genus somewhat closely.
Breadth at the squamosals 1-1/2 times the height at basi-temporal, which has a constricted praemaxillary ridge, and the quadrate with a very small pneumatic foramen.
The quadrate is elongated with a long anterior bar; the cavity of the squamosal for the reception of its head is inclined much more outwardly than in either of the other genera.
In the young mammal, a quadrate cartilage can be traced, connected with the palato-pterygoid cartilage, and articulating with Meckel's cartilage.
What bone in the rabbit is generally regarded as corresponding to the quadrate cartilage of the frog?
The quadrate cartilage of the frog is superseded by the squamosal as the suspensorium of the lower jaw.
In the frog this bar of cartilage is joined directly to the otic capsule by a quadrate portion, but this is only doubtfully represented in the dog-fish by a nodule of cartilage in the pre-spiracular ligament (p.
The inferior contour of the jugal bone is very concave; but the articular end of the quadrate bone descends to the level of the edge of the ninth alveolus.
In consequence of the matting under the quadrate surface of each scale, the dermis has a peculiar facetted aspect, quite apart from any osseous deposit.
The maxillaries are connected with the distal anterior corner of the quadrate by the thin, splint-like jugal and quadratojugal.
The quadrate muscle adjusts the motion, and prevents pressure upon the optic nerve; during the state of relaxation of both muscles the nictitans withdraws through its own elasticity.
Owing to this joint the whole upper beak can be moved up and down with extra facility, according to the shoving forwards or backwards of the palato-pterygo-quadrate apparatus which moves sledge-like upon the cranial basis.
The quadrate is invariably a conspicuous bone and movably articulating with the cranium and by a special process with the pterygoid.
The head is somewhat quadrate in outline, the body cylindrical, adorned with rows of branching spines (see Plate III, Figs.
The hind wings are brown, scaled with green, and crossed by basal, median, and marginal bands ofquadrate spots.
The female on the upper side is a rich bluish-black, with the outer border of the fore wings marked by three rows of bluish-white quadrate spots, the outer row being the palest, and often quite white.
The pterygoid andquadrate bones present no differences.
As the quadrate and pterygoid bones are of such complex shape and stand in relation with so many other bones, I carefully compared them in all the principal breeds; but excepting in size they presented no difference.
Lodicules are cuneate or quadrate and two in number.
Lodicules are two, quadrate and conspicuous though small.
The quadrate is distinct and closely applied to the posteroventral margin of the complex.
This suture curves dorsally from a point anterior to the quadrate and passes anterodorsally to the extremity of the processus ascendens.
A well-developed squamosal minimally extends one-fourth the distance from the dorsal end of the quadrate to the maxillary, and maximally is separated from the maxillary by a suture.
They are narrow in dorsal view, and minimally extend one-fourth the distance from the dorsal end of the quadrate to the maxillary, and maximally, two-thirds the distance.
The squamosals are moderate in size and extend one-fourth the distance from the dorsal end of the quadrateto the maxillary.
They minimally extend one-fourth the distance from the dorsal end of the quadrate to the maxillary, and maximally are sutured to the maxillary.
The incus is articulated with thequadrate end of the mandibular arch, and its rounded head comes in contact with the stapes (fig.
The quadrate region remains relatively stationary in growth as compared with the adjacent parts of the skull, and finally ossifies to form the malleus bone of the ear.
Its upper end, adjoining the quadrate region, becomes calcified and then absorbed, and its lower, with the exception of the extreme point, is ossified and subsequently incorporated in the dentary.
The anterior process of the mandibular arch is known as the pterygo-quadrate bar (Pl.
In the Turtle a short cartilaginous pterygoid process of the quadrate would seem to be present (Parker, No.
The metapterygoid region of the quadrate gives rise to a posterior and dorsal process (fig.
Shortly afterwards a rod of cartilage grows forward from the quadrateunder the membranous pterygoid (pg), which corresponds with the cartilaginous pterygoid bar of other types (fig.
The quadrate cartilage ossifies as the quadrate bone, and supplies the permanent articulation for the lower jaw.
It forms a rod of cartilage, which soon articulates in front with the quadrate element of the mandibular arch, and is subsequently attached by ligaments both to the quadrate and to the cranium.
The portion of the arch dorsal to the palato-pterygo-quadrate outgrowth may form the suspensorial apparatus of the lower jaw, being fused with the cranium at its upper end.
Of, pertaining to, or representing the pterygoid andquadrate bones or cartilages.
When the quadrate moves medially the upper mandible is protracted; a lateral movement results in retraction.
The insertion is fleshy on the posteromedial edge of the body of the quadrate and the orbital process of the quadrate and on the otic process of the quadrate.
The muscle also inserts on the ventromedial surface of the orbital process of the quadrate and the adjacent area of the body of the quadrate (figs.
The origin is fleshy from the anterodorsal and anterior surfaces of the quadrate body, from the anterodorsolateral, medial and anterior surfaces of the orbital process of the quadrate.
The upward swing of the quadrate pushes the jugal bar, which is attached to its lateral tip, along its longitudinal axis, in an anterodorsal direction, and the force is transferred to the upper mandible, which is thereby elevated.
In the columbids the quadratehas a bifurcated otic process that functions as the hinge.
The posterior tips of the forks are situated almost vertically (one above the other) and the movement of the quadrate is not so much up and down, or vertical, as it is horizontal (fig.
The insertion is by aponeurosis on the tip of the orbital process of the quadrate and fleshily on the anterior surface of the same process.
Dorsal view of right quadrate of Mourning Dove showing movement which protracts the upper mandible (broken line).
The scales are quadrate in form, and more widely separated anteriorly than posteriorly.
The pterygoid and quadrate bones present no difference.
