The grain is finally raised by the 'pommel' or 'graining board' passed over it in various directions.
Give the work three coats boiling hot; then with a graining tool or a feather fill in the dark markings with the black stain.
The fibril veins are produced by passing a graining tool with a slight vibratory motion, so as to effect the natural-looking streaks, using the black stain.
Graining has the advantage of hiding any finger-marks that may accidentally be on the calf, and also partly conceals any imperfections in the leather.
They are finally softened by graining in three directions: shank to shank and across, and neck to butt.
Glace calf= is made much in the same way as box calf, but there is no graining at all.
They are regrained two ways as before, dried out, and finally softened with a graining board.
Still this is not necessary, and people who have kept to graining because they dread the burning-off process need do so no longer, unless they positively cannot afford the new paint required to cover it over.
Should the graining be very thick, an application of ‘Carson’s detergent’ is advisable; this costs 5s.
The amount of salt required for "graining out" varies with the raw material used.
The nigres are boiled and the liquor separated by graining with salt.
The tallow is thoroughly saponified first, and the graining is performed by the aid of caustic soda lye in preference to salt.
Boiling is continued until the faint caustic taste on applying the cooled sample to the tongue is permanent, when it is ready for "graining out".
This is done several times, the number depending on the quality of graining that the expert desires to produce.
Perhaps the choicest variety is gold graining in a shakudo field.
The grainingshould consist of a mixture of black and rose pink, ground in the staining compound.
Some prefer, however, to grind the staining and graining in oil, diluted with spirits of turpentine.
Some grainers, before proceeding further in graining black walnut, have varnished the distemper-coat; we regard this as entirely useless, as well as detrimental to the general tone of the graining when done.
This, though a very beautiful wood, is not as commonly used in graining as some others, though a fine effect can be produced by graining panels, etc.
In graining black walnut, combs should be used as little as possible, leaving all the plain parts to be finished in the glazing.
The same care should be taken in puttying, sand-papering, mixing, and applying, as hereinbefore suggested in the chapter upon graining oak.
The Art of Graining is judged by the authors of this treatise to be of sufficient importance to justify a work devoted especially to the task of giving instruction to learners of the art.
The graining color is made from raw Sienna and a little raw umber, not far from equal parts, and ground fine in ale, etc.
All graining can be finished by varnishing, or to imitate in "oil-finish" if preferable.
Since the early history of beet sugar making, it has been noticed that calcic salts render graining in the pan most tedious; hence repeated efforts to reduce to a minimum percentage the use of lime during defecation.
It is claimed thatgraining thereby is more rapid and better than is now possible.
As a rule, strong contrasts between the ground and the graining color should be avoided.
The graining color is brushed over the work, in the ordinary manner, with a pound-brush, care being taken not to put too much color on, or else it is very liable to be dirty.
The grain is finally raised with the pommel or graining board, by applying it to the leather in different directions.
This application of grease is often made before the grainingboard or pommel is employed.
Homemade Graining Tools Desiring to do some fancy graining and having no tools at hand, I hastily made two of them from pieces of garden hose, as shown in the sketch.
The other piece of hose, at the other corner, is made to take the place of a steel graining comb.
Repeat the process of closing, graining and settling and take a sample of lye.
The last graining should not be too great, and on the last change the soap should not be thinned out, as it will contain too great a quantity of water when slabbed.
Casting graining or other ornamental configurations on conical rolls so as to form a continuous body, for the purposes herein described.
The cost is less than common painting, and the effect as much better than graining as nature's work is more perfect than ours.
Grained powder is more fit for use; but the graining of it prevents the whole of the powder from taking fire instantaneously.
After being partially dried, the graining is performed by passing it through sieves, which are more generally formed of parchment.
To keep the syrup fromgraining add one-fourth teaspoonful of cream of tartar.
Cream of tartar, vinegar and lemon juice are used to prevent the sugar fromgraining also.
First of all, level the stone and to some extent polish it, after which the graining may be proceeded with.
No graining of the stone is necessary, and the grained effect can be confined to any portion of the design.
Use as a graining medium sharp, clean silver sand only, passing it carefully through a sieve according to the size or depth of the grain required.
With a continuous circular movement pass the graining muller from end to end of the stone, exerting a firm and uniform pressure.
Good results have been claimed for a method of graining which was introduced by the Americans a few years ago.
The danger in graining comes when the grain is embossed by means of a plate, which is heated and pressed on the skin.
There's paints and brushes, but you must find your own graining tools.
The use of the check roller usually is the first operation done in graining woods which show weather checks.
Again here is another one of the many operations necessary for graining upon which grainers are very far from being unanimous as to the proper way that it should be done.
At one time when graining was at its height, walnut graining was next to oak, the main wood which grainers had to imitate, and some of them attained to such skill as entitled their work to be called art.
For the grainingof it in distemper the same colors should be used in that medium as noted for oil work, and the veining pencilled on the stippled surface and well blended out while still wet.
Why are some grainers afraid to undertake graining it in distemper?
This operation is mainly used in graining oak in oil, but is not confined to that alone by any means, nor to oil graining alone, either.
The graining of chestnut may be done in either oil by wiping or in distemper.
The graining may be much improved by softening the edges by using a very soft clean cotton cloth very lightly upon their lower edge.
The ground color is covered over with oil graining color the same as for hand wiping.
Varnishing is the final operation in all kinds of graining, but the graining may also be waxed polished as noted in the preceding lesson.
To do so will frequently involve denying themselves the full beauty of the fine graining which normally can be had only in veneer.
Aim to get a very smooth application of the pigment in addition to a complete fullness of the wood pores, to the end that the surface cells may be sealed "against graining out" and that the labor of sandpapering may be reduced to the minimum.
Good reliable priming, lead and roughstuff coats, allowed to dry thoroughly, each and all of them, arrest the graining out tendency.
Graining out is often due to a priming coat that is not given adequate time to dry hard and firm.
Spongy, porous roughstuff, deficient in resinous matter and weak in its binding property, is also often responsible for graining out.
Graining out of surfaces often results from priming a surface too soon as well as too late.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "graining" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
