Genuine fish (after the exclusion of the Dipneusta) are accordingly the only double-nostriled animals which exclusively breathe through gills and never through lungs.
But during the wet season, in winter, they live in rivers and bogs, and breathe water through gills like fish.
However, the pouch gills and the round sucking mouth of the Cyclostoma must probably be looked upon as purely adaptive characteristics, which did not exist in the corresponding stage of ancestors.
The tracheate gills themselves, however, have in some cases disappeared, and in others become transformed into the wings of the Flies.
It is said if salt is sprinkled on the gills and they become yellow the mushroom is poisonous, if black, they are wholesome.
The frog, for some time after its birth, is a fish with external gills and other organs, fitting it for an aquatic life, all of which are changed as it advances to maturity, and becomes a land animal.
When the air became purer, the gills were changed into the imperfect lungs of the amphibious tribes, such as the huge saurians and the frogs.
In a second order of the salamanders the gills are lost in the metamorphosis, and when fully grown they have only pulmonary respiration.
With this complete abandonment of the gills is probably connected the formation of another organ, to which we have already referred in embryology--namely, the allantois or primitive urinary sac (cf.
At the same time the gills also are developed as water-breathing organs in all these lung-fishes.
The right auricle alone now received the venous blood from the body, while the left auricle received the venous blood that flowed from the lungs and gills to the heart.
Now, the gills or respiratory organs also are formed at the fore-end of the alimentary canal.
On the other hand, we see a great advance in the structure of the heart, which is found underneath the gills in the shape of a centralised muscular tube, and is divided into an auricle and a ventricle.
A dorsal vessel that lies above the gut (aorta) receives the arterial blood from the gills and drives it into the body.
In the further course of the metamorphosis the gills and the branchial vessels entirely disappear, and the respiration becomes exclusively pulmonary.
Some of the tailed Amphibia still retain the gill-clefts in the side of the neck, though they have lost the gills themselves (Menopoma).
The larva on leaving the egg is about an inch long, provided with three branched externalgills on each side, and showing mere rudiments of the four limbs.
Gills or branchiae may be developed by parts of an appendage becoming thin-walled and vascular and either expanded into a thin lamella or ramified.
The vertebrae are biconcave, and although the gills are lost in the adult, ossified gill-arches, two to four in number, persist.
In many of the smaller Entomostraca (Copepoda and most Ostracoda) no special gills are present, and respiration is carried on by the general surface of the body and limbs.
The gills are inserted at the base of the thoracic limbs, and lie within a pair of branchial chambers covered by the carapace.
In the primitive Malacostraca the gills were probably, as in the Phyllopoda and in Nebalia, the modified epipodites of the thoracic limbs, and this is the condition found in some Schizopoda.
In the Amphipoda, the gills though arising from the inner side of the bases of the thoracic legs are probably also epipodial in nature.
The larvae in the fourth generation acquire three pairs of gills instead of one pair, and are in other respects also different from the normal form.
They are light grey, spotted (mottled with lighter and darker colour), have relatively short gills (8 to 9 mm.
Pertaining to the membrane covering the gillsof fishes.
These gills soon begin to wither, without aquatic respiration ceasing, however; for, besides these, the tadpole possesses interior gills like fishes.
From the gills the aerated blood is carried over the entire body by vessels, the circulation being aided by the contraction of the surrounding muscles.
The functions of gills are described by the Professor with great minuteness.
The heart," he tells us, "consists of one auricle receiving the venous blood, and one ventricle propelling it to the gills or organs submitting that blood in a state of minute subdivisions to the action of aerated water.
The gill is covered by ciliated scales, which change into non-ciliated cuticle shortly before the gills are absorbed.
In Siren lacertina the gills are in three pairs of branchial arches, the first and fourth fixed, the second and third free, increasing in size according to their condition.
Breathing through gills is nearer to breathing through lungs than breathing through trachea is.
To be sure of this see that thegills are bright and shining and the flesh firm, not readily separating from the bones.
Make the following sauce: Smooth and brown together two tablespoonfuls of flour and two ounces of butter and stir in five gills of water in which the fish was boiled, adding a teaspoonful each of anchovy essence and mushroom catsup.
When the onions have become slightly brown over the moderate fire, stir in a mixture of two tablespoonfuls of flour and the same amount of curry powder, shortly afterward adding six gills of white stock and half a pint of white sauce.
The surface of the body no longer suffices to gather oxygen, hence we find special feathery gills on the parapodia.
Now practically all invertebrates breathe through modified portions of the integument or outer surface of the body, and their gills are merely expansions of this.
No gills ever develop in these, but the great arteries run to them, and indeed to all parts of the embryo, on almost precisely the same general plan as in the adult fish.
All vertebrates breathe by gills or lungs, and these are modified portions of the digestive system, of the walls of the oesophagus, from which even the lung is an embryonic outgrowth.
But these gills are merely expanded portions of the body wall, arranged so as to offer the greatest possible amount of surface where the capillaries of the blood system can be almost immediately in contact with the surrounding water.
As long as respiration takes place by gills alone, the circulation is simple; the blood flows from the heart to the gills, and thence directly all over the body; the oxygenated blood from the gillsdoes not return directly to the heart.
Tracheal gillsare not always homodynamous or morphologically equivalent.
In Perlidæ the tracheal gillsmay have a tergal, pleural, sternal, or anal insertion.
The leaflets placed most advantageously for propulsion seem to have become exclusively adapted to that end, while the abdominal gills have retained their respiratory character.
Tricorythus and Cœnis) a pair of anterior tracheal gills may become transformed into large plates, which partly protect the gills behind (fig.
A similar modification of the second and third thoracic gills in Prosopistoma and Bætisca brings all the functional respiratory organs under cover, and these enlarged plates resemble stiff and simple wings very closely.
In Perlidæ the tracheal gills persist in the imago, and may be found, dry and functionless, beneath the stigmata.
We must not forget, however, that tracheal gills are by no means restricted to these families of low grade.
Tracheal gills are not by any means confined to the lowest Insects.
Tracheal gills never perfectly agree in position and number with the stigmata throughout the body.
None; veil distinct and entire, enclosing the gills at first, then ruptured, forming the ring.
By placing themgills downward, they will shed their spores largely and thus lose flavor.
In gathering mushrooms for food, cut the stem off about an inch below the cap, and place them in the basket or dish, gills upward.
The spongy collection of pores which take the place of gills under the pileus of a Boletus.
Never twist or pull them, as the gills become thereby full of dirt, which is not easily removed.
Lancelet: Observe the form of the body, of the fin, and of the mouth; note the presence or absence of sense organs, and find out the number of gills or gill slits.
The former term refers to the broad, flap-like gills and the latter to the hatchet-like foot.
How are the gills kept moist when the crayfish is in water; when it is on land?
How does the number of gills and gill slits change in the series?
Would you class the gills as external structures or as internal?
How is protection afforded the delicate structure of the gills in the final form?
How may the reduction in the number of gills be compensated for in the amount of surface exposed for the exchange of gases in breathing?
The fish swim into these precisely as do the shad, and in their attempts to back out their gills catch, and there they hang.
A shad swims into one of these and then, like many others that go into things, finds he can't back out, for his gills catch on the sides of the mesh and there he hangs.
In the crayfish the gills are nothing else than a large number of small flattened sacs each composed of a thin membrane richly supplied with blood-vessels.
But there is an important morphological difference between the fish's gills and the gills of the crayfish.
The water-inhabiting young breathe at first by means of gills, later lungs begin to develop, and for a time both gills and lungs are used in respiration.
This is the reproductive organ, which has its exit beneath the gillson each side of the foot.
A few salamanders, while not possessing external gills when adult, have a spiracle or small circular opening in the side of the neck which leads into the throat.
Carefully cut away the mantle andgills from the left side, and also the labial palpi, being careful not to disturb the visceral mass.
The internal gills of the young toad (tadpole) arise in the same way as those of a fish.
The young dragon-flies breathe by means of gills which do not project from the outside of the body, as do the gills of other aquatic insects, but line the inner wall of the posterior or rectal part of the alimentary canal.
From the vena cava the blood passes through the kidneys and gills to be returned at last to the heart.
Structures which are identical in their origin, like the gills of tadpole and fish, are called homologous structures.
From the gills the purified blood flows back on the inner side through a large chamber, sinus, into the pericardium, through the ostia of the heart, whence it is driven into the arteries once more.
These gills are branched folds of the skin abundantly supplied with blood-vessels.
Drain half a pint of oysters, wash and cook them in a saucepan untilgills curl.
A fish is in good condition when its gills are bright clear red, its eyes full and the body firm and stiff.
As soon as the oysters get plump and the gills "ruffle" add them to the hot milk.
Or, maybe, with a pair of gills slit under his chin, he swims about in their beautiful palaces, and revels in the cellars of shipwrecked wines.
Such a pair of gills is all you want, so do not fear.
During the time that the gills are being changed, a pair of lungs are being developed, and the first hint that they are growing is given by the frequent journeys to the top of the water for the purpose of sucking in air.
Three years ago this fall I had catarrh in its worst form, till from three gills to one and one-half pints of corruption would be expectorated in twenty-four hours.
In the lower order of animals, the respiratory act is similar to that of the higher types, though not so complex; for there are no organs of respiration, as the lungs and gills are called.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "gills" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word. Other words: gill; lights; lung
