Hydrolysis is reduced by caustic alkalies and alkaline carbonates, and increased by acids and acid carbonates that reduce the OH' concentration.
Normal carbonates tend to reduce the velocity of the germicidal action and bicarbonates to increase it.
Sulphates, chlorides, carbonates and phosphates are most frequently met with in the preceding examination, and it should be carefully noticed which of these salts exist in the greatest abundance.
This would be caused by the escape of carbonic acid, originating from the action of sulphuric acid upon the carbonates contained in the water used in the manufacture of the paper.
Their origin and also that of certain so-called scarfs and blankets is from carbonates deposited by water trickling down a sloping and corrugated surface.
The new stalactites growing from the old, and made of hard carbonates that had already once been used, are usually white as snow, though often pink, blue or amber-coloured.
That the carbonates and phosphates already deposited act as the re-agent to precipitate fresh supplies from the plasma is not a demonstrated fact, but may be inferred.
In some cases the bladder contains and may be even distended by a soft, pultaceous mass made up of minute, round granules of carbonates of lime and magnesia.
Besides the phosphate of lime they contain the carbonates of lime and magnesia and organic matter.
The sponge should be free from sand, deprived of alkaline carbonates by hydrochloric acid, and rendered perfectly neutral by washing in distilled water.
In administering the salts of potash and soda it is generally admitted that the carbonates and the neutral salts of the organic acids are to be preferred to solutions of the caustic alkalies.
Oliver is not aware that the presence of earthy carbonates will prevent the carmine reaction, but as a precautionary measure he suggests the use of a soda-paper whenever the water is exceptionally hard.
Theoretically, the carbonates of the alkalies are indicated likewise, but it is contended (Hamburger, Oppolzer) that the extrication of the carbonic acid gas renders mechanical rupture of the corroded oesophagus imminent.
The copper oxides and carbonates are in places gathered into rounded concretions called "boleos" (balls).
Those of India and Brazil are chiefly surface concentrations of the manganese oxides, formed by the weathering of underlying rocks which contain manganese carbonates and silicates.
In the oxide zone the zinc carbonate is associated with oxides and carbonates of various metals, including those of lead, copper, iron, and manganese.
Calcium and magnesium are found in combination as carbonates and sulphates, and, though essential, are usually abundant, especially where limestone rocks underlie the soil and outcrop in so many places.
Chalk and the various marbles are also carbonates of lime.
Carbonate of lime is found in several other forms; for instance, the various kinds of marble and chalk are carbonates of lime.
The major portion of the alkali carbonatesand bicarbonates is converted into citrates and tartrates when the preparation is dissolved in water--as is done before it is taken.
Chemical Laboratory reports that Alkalithia is an effervescent mixture which contains alkaline carbonates and bicarbonates together with caffein, free tartaric acid and free citric acid.
This assumption is, however, not correct, for it is known that tartrates are not completely converted into carbonates in the organism.
The alkaline carbonatesare in Carminzym in stated quantities; the physician adjusts the dosage to the individual patient and with obvious evidence of the efficiency of the adjustment.
The principal ingredients are sulphates and carbonates of lime, chlorides of soda and magnesia, and carbonate of iron.
In lesser quantities the chlorides of calcium and magnesium, the sulphate of soda, the carbonates of lime and magnesia, and the oxide of iron.
The acid acts on the carbonates of which the stone is largely composed, and the treatment accentuates the black-and-white contrast in the petrified tissues (see fig.
Normal cadmium carbonates are unknown, a white precipitate of variable composition being obtained on the addition of solutions of the alkaline carbonates to soluble cadmium salts.
Of the above named salts, the carbonates of lime and magnesia are soluble only when the water contains free carbonic acid.
The sulphate of lime, however, and the other soluble salts, and in some cases also a portion of the carbonates that were not precipitated during the brief time of passage through the heater, are passed on into the boiler.
The substances taken up in solution by this process consist chiefly of the carbonates and sulphates of lime and magnesia, and the chloride of sodium.
The so-called live steam purifiers are open heaters, the water being raised to the boiling temperature and the carbonates and a portion of the sulphates being precipitated.
The salts usually responsible for such incrustation are the carbonates and sulphates of lime and magnesia, and boiler feed treatment in general deals with the getting rid of these salts more or less completely.
It sometimes occurs with water containing carbonates in solution in which a light flocculent precipitate will be formed on the surface of the water.
The analysis of these waters is very incomplete, besides containing a little carbonic acid gas, they hold in solution the carbonates of Iron, Lime, Magnesia, etc.
Some species of bacteria, as we have seen, can live upon very simple foods, finding in free nitrogen and carbonates sufficiently highly complex material for their life.
These organisms appear to grow on the bare surface of rocks, assimilating nitrogen from the air, and carbon from some widely diffusedcarbonates or from the CO2 in the air.
As soon as oxides can be there, oxides appear; when temperature admits of carbonates, then carbonates are forthwith formed.
There must first be oxides and saline compounds, there must be carbonates of calcium and magnesium, and the like.
Analyses of most well-crystallized specimens correspond closely with the above formula, the two carbonates being present in equal molecular proportions (CaCO3, 54.
That lime, and the calcareouscarbonates also promote its formation, there can be no doubt.
Potash, pearl-ash, salt of tartar, and salt of wormwood are allcarbonates of potassa.
Hydrobromic acid reacts with metallic oxides, hydroxides and carbonates to form bromides, which can in many cases be obtained also by the direct union of the metals with bromine.
Similarly, good mild ale waters should contain a certain quantity of sodium chloride, and waters for stout very little mineral matter, excepting perhaps the carbonates of the alkaline earths, which are precipitated on boiling.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "carbonates" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
