Owing to this extreme slightness of biting, the burnisher may also be used to reduce any parts which are to stand out white.
As these passages are limited in extent, and not very deeply bitten, you may use the burnisher to reduce them.
The burnisher flattens and enlarges the surface of the copper, and consequently diminishes the width of the line.
Now lay the sheet of paper on the plate, with its waxed surface down, and be sure to turn the edges of the paper over on the back of the plate, so as to prevent its moving; then rub with the burnisher in all directions.
The burnisher alone would give too much polish to the copper; in printing the ink would leave no tint on the plate in these spots, and the traces of the burnisher would show as white marks in the proofs.
You may use the burnisherto get rid of certain spots produced in the foliage by lines placed too closely together, and by the same means you can reduce those exaggerated passages in the stone-work of the right-hand column.
The scraper is more efficacious than the burnisher in the case of small places that have been deeply bitten.
If the burnisher is not sufficiently polished, it scratches the copper, and produces black spots in the proofs.
On fine, close, and equal work the burnisher does excellent service, the effect being analogous to that of the crumb of bread on a design on paper.
When the drawing has been traced in the usual way on the prepared plate, the grain produced by the rocker is rubbed down with the burnisherwherever pure white or light tints are required.
And in burnishing generally the burnisher should not be used, even when the size is hard, with any great force or pressure at first.
As the gold gets smoother a little more pressure is used, and the burnisher is moved in straight lines in every direction across the gold (fig.
The burnisher is kept scrupulously clean, and to ensure this it is frequently rubbed on a cloth.
A rapid light polish with the bend of the burnisher across a gold stem will give a very good finish (c, fig.
The fore part of the burnisher is then passed rapidly all over the rubbing paper with a firm pressure (fig.
The first strokes of the burnisher are generally carried all over the work, very lightly and with a [p160] circular movement (fig.
This thin film of wax renders the burnishing much easier because the burnisher is made to glide more readily and securely over the edge.
Only after the edge has been burnished on both sides with a flat burnisher, is the round burnisher (tooth) used to finish the hollow edge on its length.
The metal is obtained by reduction of the ore, or the deoxidizement of the acid, in the form of a dark steel-gray powder, which assumes under the burnisher a feeble metallic lustre.
The workman dips his burnisher in water sharpened with vinegar, and rubs the piece always in the same direction backwards and forwards, till it exhibits a fine polish, and a complete metallic lustre.
This is the blood-stone of the burnisher of metals.
A burnisher told me it is not customary to pay a learner during the first two months.
A lady burnisher told me she likes the work because it can be done at home.
There are not two months in the year a good burnisher cannot get employment.
I was told by a silversmith in New York, that a good burnisher can earn from $5 to $7 a week, and he thought it took about a year to learn to become a good worker.
Illustration] From the appearance of the back of this cut, as if it had been rubbed smooth with a burnisher or rubber, there can be little doubt of the impression having been taken by means of friction.
Those which he considers as distinguishing marks might easily be broken away by the burnisher or rubber, and replaced by the insertion of other pieces, differing in a slight degree.
After the burnisher comes fine imported crocus cloth, well worn, which makes the surface more even and dead than that left by the burnisher.
The next process is, for the finest work, the burnisher used by hand.
Before using theburnisher on the gold itself, some gilders |81| lay a piece of fine paper on the gold and gently flatten it with the burnisher.
Work the burnisher backwards and forwards with a perfectly even pressure on every part.
The gloss produced by the application of the burnisher to the edges.
When the paper has been marbled and is dry, a rag with a little bee’s wax or soap should be rubbed over it, so that the burnisher may not stick, and may give a finer gloss; this applies also to the edges in burnishing.
The paper is laid on the hollow table, and the burnisher is worked backwards and forwards until the desired gloss is attained.
The fore-edge of the burnisher is not to be held parallel to the sheets, but must be at a slight angle; it thus slips better over the paper and there is less danger of making rills and furrows, and the polish is obtained more rapidly.
Flat edges are always burnished crosswise, but at the end a broad burnisher may be used for going over the edges lengthwise with a few slow, firm strokes, so as to ensure a very level surface.
The burnisher must be held quite level, the long handle fixed against the shoulder and the lower end firmly gripped with both hands just above the metal fastening.
Brass must be treated with rotten stone and oil to be nicely polished, and after this theburnisher should be used.
It is chocolate brown in hue, and so hard and close in fibre, as to rive like the husk of a cocoanut, while under a burnisher alone it polishes like ivory.
The burnisher is sometimes made of steel, of bloodstone, and of agate.
The best burnisher is a piece of bloodstone ground to shape and set in a handle; they can be bought for about a dollar and a half at any watchmakers’ tool store.
When the colour is dry the edge should be lightly rubbed over with a little beeswax, and burnished with a tooth burnisher (see fig.
It is best to commence burnishing through a piece of thin slightly waxed paper to set the gold, and afterwards the burnisher can be used directly on the edge.
This will drag out any hard particles that may be lodged in the end and after this has been done the pivot should be pithed clean and polished with a smooth hard steel burnishercovered with oil.
After the plate is rouged sufficiently, an engraver's burnisher is used to clean up the highest lights and to modify others.
If necessary, the plate is worked over with the burnisher to brighten the lights, and with roulettes, etc.
This writing, (if performed with leaf gold or silver) may be burnished with a flint burnisher or a cornelian or blood-stone.
When the pasted joint was dry it was rubbed and polished with the ivory burnisher till scarcely any mark of the joining remained.
Moreover, the burnisher was liable to carry small particles of gold on to the surrounding vellum, which would have given a ragged look to the design, if the adjacent surfaces had not been subsequently covered with pigment.
In cases where there is an isolated gold boss there is usually a slight disfigurement from the burnisherrubbing the vellum all round the gold.
The reason why the gold was applied before any of the painting was begun was this; the long rubbing with the burnisher acted not only on the gold leaf, but also naturally rubbed the vellum a little way all round it.
It could have been produced by rubbing or smoothing down with a burnisher the indentations of the lines on the back of the paper, as is sometimes done by pressmen of this day when they take too hard an impression.
If he is careful, he can take with a burnisher a neater proof than he could get from a press.
The little burnisher himself bent down and peered in.
In a moment the two women went out, calling in vain for the little boy to follow, and the burnishercrossed the room toward Vandover.
She explained the bargain, the burnisher approving of everything, nodding his head continually.
Very pretty effects may be obtained by partial burnishing of the gold in patterns, and dotting it over with the point of the sharp burnisher in indentations, arranged in geometrical forms.
The traced decoration can then be easily transferred to the vellum by rubbing the back of the tracing paper with a burnisher or paper-knife.
For burnishing the gold, an agate burnisheris required.
If the burnisher does not work freely on the surface, its action may be facilitated by rubbing the surface of the gold with a soft cloth that has been slightly smeared with beeswax.
The revolving burnisher is held firmly against the tin, a few seconds in a place, and moved around, especially along the margins, not running the engine too fast.
Care must be taken to keep the polished surface of the burnisher bright and clean.
When all four are dull, resharpen with the burnisher as before, without grinding or filing the edge.
Having thus got the edge at right angles and smooth, lay the scraper flat on its side near the edge of the bench and rub the burnisher back and forth a few times in the position shown in Fig.
By burnishing the brilliance is improved (I used an agate burnisher and oil), but a little of the aluminium is rubbed off.
Heavy gold deposits are almost always dull, not to say dirty, in appearance till the burnisher or scratch brush is applied.
The fact that the burnisher does not entirely remove it is a sign of the strength of the adherence which exists between the aluminium and the glass.
The same solutions are employed, but rather stronger, and the burnisher is swept over the surface so as to compress the deposited metal.
Place the paper on the inked block without slurring it, and on the paper drop a thin piece of card--a postcard will do--hold down by the left hand and rub on the top of the card with the burnisher until an impression is taken.
If the engraved lines be fine, light pressure must be given to the burnisher lest the lines be bruised, whereas if the parts are black heavier pressure must be given.
If all the wood is taken away it is almost impossible to proof some subjects (thin lettering, for instance) without a hand-press, for this wood supports the roller and burnisher and gives protection to the work while proofing.
After sharpening, the edges of these tools may be turned with a burnisher or the broad side of a skew chisel in the same manner that the edge of a cabinet scraper is turned though not nearly to so great a degree.
If a narrow burnisher is used, pieces are more likely to be broken out from the sharp edge and thus make the tool useless.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "burnisher" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
