At one time that celebrated mycologist, Professor De Bary, seemed disposed to exclude this group from the vegetable kingdom altogether, and relegate them to a companionship with amoeboid forms.
As a rule the latter is a very mobile ciliated cell, the former an inert or amoeboid cell.
As they are best observed in the common amoebae (naked nucleated cells of the simplest kind), they are called amoeboid movements.
Only a very few organic forms seem to be quite irregular, without any trace of symmetry, or constantly changing their formless shape, as we find, for instance, in the amoebae and the similar amoeboid cells of the plasmodia.
The muscles may arise in the embryo from amoeboid or indifferent cells, and the Hertwigs[243] hold that in many of these instances the muscles have also phylogenetically taken their origin from indifferent connective-tissue cells.
Echinodermata is more primitive; and that the amoeboid cells which here give rise to the muscular and connective tissues represent cells which originally arose from the whole inner surface of the epiblast.
The subsequent conversion of the mesoblast elements into amoeboid cells, out of which branched muscles are formed, is in my opinion simply due to the envelopment of the soft Molluscan body within a hard shell.
The lining of the peritoneal cavity is developed from the walls of outgrowths of the archenteron, but the greater part of the mesoblast is derived from the amoeboidcells budded off from the walls of the archenteron (fig.
The granular amoeboidcells represent the nutritive forms, and the ciliated cells represent the locomotor and respiratory forms.
The figure shews the amoeboid ectoderm cells (ec) derived from the granular cells of the earlier stage, and the columnar entoderm cells, lining the gastrula cavity, derived from the ciliated cells of the earlier stage.
In these two considerations there may, perhaps, be found a sufficient explanation of the invagination of the ciliated cells, and the growth of the amoeboid cells over them.
At the same time the amoeboid nutritive cells would need to expose as large a surface as possible.
The larva is fixed by the amoeboidcells on the side on which the blastopore is situated.
In many instances it has been shewn to be capable of amoeboid movements (Auerbach, and Os.
While the two pronuclei are approaching one another the protoplasm of the egg exhibits amoeboid movements.
Lieberkuehn would appear to hold the view that the amoeboid lining cells of the passages are mainly concerned with digestion, while Carter holds that digestion is carried on by the collared cells of the ciliated chambers.
That they may serve for the nourishment of the amoeboid cells of certain tumors is suggested by the existence of both in morbid growths, and the well-known property of amoeboid corpuscles to take in formed material, even cells, from without.
Such amoeboid and wandering cells represent a means through which the growth of the tumor may become extended in its vicinity as well as in more remote parts of the body.
This is the phenomenon of emigration, and is associated with the amoeboid movements of the white corpuscles.
Amoeboid cells outside the blood-vessels have been seen to divide, and it is possible that such duplication may serve as the method of formation of a certain number of pus-corpuscles.
The ciliated cells of the internal lining take in solid particles just as Amoeba does; and from these they may be passed on to the cells of the middle layer, amoeboid cells, which can move about.
Amoeboid cells, so called because of their mobility and general resemblance to Amoeba, are found in various parts of the higher animals.
Monoblepharis has oogonia with single oospheres and antheridia developing a few amoeboid uniciliate antherozoids; these creep to the opening of the oogonium and then swim in.
On the other hand, the uniciliate zoospores of Polyphagus have slightly amoeboid movements, and in this and the pseudopodium-like nature of the protoplasmic processes, such forms suggest resemblances to the Myxomycetes.
It first appears as a very minute colorless body with active amoeboid movements, and increases in size, attacks a succession of corpuscles, and finally attains a size as large as or larger than a corpuscle.
The other form of amoeboid cell, which Metschnikoff calls the macrophage, has more feeble phagocytic action towards bacteria, and these are rarely found enclosed within them.
When they are not enclosed by a firm membrane, or confined in a "cellular prison," they can always accomplish these amoeboid movements.
Their ova remain naked cells, which thrust out amoeboid projections, nourish themselves, and move about.
An equally remarkable example is that of Plasmodiophora, the amoeboid naked protoplasm of which lives and creeps about in the protoplasm of a cell of the root of a turnip, to which it gains access through the root-hairs.
A simple example is afforded by Zopfs' Pleotrachelus, the amoeboid protoplasmic body of which lives in the hypha of Pilobolus, causing it to swell up like an inflated bladder, in which the parasite then forms its sporangia.
In fact, he found that the whitening process is accompanied by a stimulation of the amoeboid cells which introduce their protoplasmic prolongations into the periphery of the hair.
These cells draw in their flagellum, become amoeboid and mobile, multiply by division, fill the cavity of the blastula, and become capable of digesting.
The nourishment is first digested in the cavity of the digestive tube by secreted juices, and its treatment is completed within the amoeboid cells of the caecum.
Lower vegetables, such as myxomycetes (beings which stand on the limit between the animal and vegetable kingdoms), have an amoeboid phase, in which they are but a simple heap of formless protoplasm.
This movement seems to be of no service, any more than the incessant movement of amoeboid bodies.
He was, we think, wrong in adhering to the belief that the movements of aggregated masses are of an amoeboid nature.
The coelomic fluid contains as a rule both amoeboid and rounded corpuscles, and, when ripe, the products of the gonads.
After a period of amoeboid activity of greater or less duration, the body again assumed an oval or spherical form and remained quiescent for a time.
The first confirmation in this country of Laveran's discovery of amoeboidparasites in the blood of malarial fever patients was made by myself in the pathological laboratory of the Johns Hopkins University in March, 1886.
By means of their amoeboid movement they are enabled to worm themselves through inconceivably minute apertures in the blood vessels, and attack and devour peccant matter wherever it may have effected a lodgment.
According to Metchnikoff, the wandering amoeboid cells of the body, called phagocytes, may creep up into the hairs and come back again with microscopic burdens of pigment.
This amoeboid line of evolution has been very successful; it is represented by the Rhizopods, such as Amoebæ and the chalk-forming Foraminifera and the exquisitely beautiful flint-shelled Radiolarians of the open sea.
Thus there is the maintenance of a bodyguard of wandering amoeboid cells, which tackle the microbes invading the body and often succeed in overpowering and digesting them.
And it is added that these forms having so slightly differentiated an exterior, "while usually exhibiting a more or less characteristic normal outline, can revert at will to a pseud-amoeboid and repent state.
In contradistinction to the polynuclear neutrophil elements, these mononuclear forms shew no amoeboid movement on the warm stage.
This view finds its best support in the fact that the polynuclear leucocytes possess lively amoeboid movement, which is completely wanting in the lymphocytes.
Our phylogenetic interpretation of the ovum, and the reduction of it to some ancient amoeboid ancestral form, supply the answer to the old problem: "Which was first, the egg or the chick?
The amoeboid nature of the young ovum and the unicellular condition in which (as stem-cell or cytula) every human being begins its existence justify us in affirming that the earliest ancestors of the human race were simple amoeboid coils.
Amoeboid planocytes, which migrate from the entoderm and reach this fluid-filled primary cavity, live and multiply there, and form the first colourless blood-cells.
It is clear that this morula reproduces for us to-day the simple structure of the multicellular animal that succeeded the unicellular amoeboid form in the early Laurentian period.
The oldest Amoebae lived isolated lives, and even the amoeboid cells that were formed by the segmentation of these unicellular organisms must have continued to live independently for a long time.
Between the ciliated cells (g) are the amoeboid ova (e).
We do not mean, of course, that the egg existed from the first as a bird's egg, but as an indifferent amoeboid cell of the simplest character.
The first cell-communities to be formed, which laid the early foundation of the higher multicellular body, must have consisted of homogeneous and simple amoeboid cells.
Among the cells of the endoderm (g) lieamoeboid egg-cells of large size (e).
It then makes its way by amoeboid movements between the cells of the ectoderm until it reaches the surface.
Their inner surface is amoeboid and in certain conditions bears one or more vibratile cilia or protoplasmic lashes.
In the earlier stages of its growth, however, it exhibits amoeboid movements, and makes its way through the common jelly.
Some cells, which (for the time being at any rate) do not exhibit amoeboid movements, are glandular in function, while others again give rise in various ways to the bodies by means of which the sponge reproduces its kind.
The detached bud may assume the typical character after a short amoeboid (lobose) stage, sometimes preceded by rest, or it may develop 2 flagella and swim off (fig.
In 1880, the French physician, Laveran, working in Algeria, discovered an amoeboid organism in the blood of malarial patients and definitely established the parasitic nature of this disease.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "amoeboid" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
