So, by turning a relation upside down, it was argued that if artificial adrenalin could produce all these effects of an emotion like fear, the emotion itself should produce an increase of the natural adrenalin in the blood.
The relation between the adrenal and the skin dates way back in the evolutionary scale, for adrenalin has been isolated directly from pigment deposits in the epidermis of frogs.
Adrenalin increases the electric conductivity of the brain.
The wave of fear a cat experiences upon seeing a dog is accompanied and indeed preceded by an increase of the amount of adrenalin in the blood.
The pure adrenalin was isolated, capable of evoking all the reactions of the impure adrenal extract mixtures.
Through the tiny, solitary veins of the glands, an infinitesimal quantity of the reserve adrenalin responds.
The Glands of Combat, the glands of emergency energy, the glands of preparedness,--such are the adrenal glands when viewed from the adrenalin standpoint.
Adrenalin may be looked upon as the invention for the mobilization at a moment's notice, or as we say, after generations of use, by instinct, of all these visceral and blood advantages in the struggle of combat or flight.
An instant excess of adrenalin occurs in the blood of, say, a cat when it is alarmed by the sight of a dog.
The story of adrenalin would have delighted the heart of Samuel Butler.
But we may note that the James-Lange theory of an emotion regards it as a consciousness of the very changes in the organism adrenalin causes.
But the sad truth of the matter is that a new finding in science requires as much backing as a new project in high finance or social climbing.
Berthold, like Mendel, the founder of genetics, was a great pioneer.
He dreamed that he was in her mind, that there was adrenalin in the rebellion, that this adrenalin was the meaning of it all, and that the meaning of all luminesced from her.
Sure, there was adrenalin gained from the hunt of a woman but more came from the more forbidden pleasures.
He considers that after adrenalin or nicotin injections, the function of the liver is so disturbed that lactic acid is not bound.
Hg: I have seen the subcutaneous injection of 10 minims of adrenalin repeated several times daily for six months fail to have the least effect on the blood pressure picture.
There was no alimentary glycosuria and adrenalin produced no mydriasis.
In fatigue and exhaustion cases, along with adrenalin and strychnin, Aimé gives mild hydrotherapy without other sedatives.
We did this by baths, by abdominal pressure by means of a large sand-bag laid over the abdomen, and by such drugs asadrenalin and pituitrin.
More in harmony with the clinical experiences here is the fact according to Biedl[11] "that the adrenalin affects the intracranial and the pulmonary vessels only slightly if at all.
We presume that what is true of adrenalin in this respect will be true of all drugs which increase blood pressure.
Adrenalin and thyroid secretions are poured out as the result of emotion; digestion is stopped, circulation disturbed, and the whole apparatus thrown out of gear.
Fear adds to the waste matter of fatigue little driblets of adrenalin and other secretions which must somehow be eliminated before equilibrium is reestablished.
A little extra dose of adrenalin from a mild case of depression or worry is enough to stop all movements for many minutes.
Instantly these glands pour forth adrenalin and thyroid secretion into the blood, and the body responds.
He probably does not say to himself that he is a motor animal integrated for fight and that he must get rid of glycogen and adrenalin and thyroid secretion.
The injection of adrenalin causes striking brain-cell changes: first, a hyperchromatism, then a chromatolysis.
After excision of the adrenals, or after division of their nerve supply, all Cannon tests for adrenalin were negative.
Our method of applying the Cannon test for adrenalin was as follows: (a) The blood of the animals was tested before the application of the stimulus.
The adrenalin caused a rise in blood-pressure, an increase in the force of cardiac contraction, increase in respiration, and a characteristic adrenalin rise in the blood-pressure of both dogs.
According to our observations, no amount of physical trauma inflicted upon animals will cause hyperthyroidism or increased adrenalin in the blood, while fear and rage do produce hyperthyroidism and increased adrenalin (Fig.
Histologic studies of the adrenals after the application of the adequate stimuli which gave positive results to the Cannon test for adrenalin are now in progress, and thus far the histologic studies corroborate the functional tests.
As adrenalin increases blood-pressure, so thyroid secretion increases brain activity, and increased brain activity in turn causes an increased activation of the motor mechanism as a whole.
The rise was seen first in the dog whose brain alone received adrenalinand about a minute later in the dog whose body alone received adrenalin (Fig.
If at this point a suitable alkali-- adrenalin solution--can be introduced quickly enough, the vital difference in potential may be restored and the life processes will be renewed.
This is common medical knowledge, sir, that he had had in the past necessarily taken adrenalin steroids to support this insufficiency.
You said something to the effect that, of knowing the President had an adrenalin insufficiency, is that something you could observe?
Carrico, was any action taken with respect to the adrenalin insufficiency of President Kennedy?
On rubber-like legs, she raced down the hall, adrenalin giving her energy which seconds ago she had not possessed.
We had planned our vacation according to Dad's retirement date and the latter portion of time between my treatments; the close proximity of the dates made our adrenalin race, yet all appointments were easily kept.
This author found the adrenals increased in size and weight in guinea-pigs dying of scurvy, whereas the adrenalin content of these glands was markedly decreased.
Ono found an increased adrenalin content in nine fatal cases, and states that the medulla appeared "fatter" than normal.
This investigator found that caffein and adrenalin injected together produce myocarditis in the rabbit.
This is in all probability due to the greater delicacy of the test they employed (since they judged the rate of absorption by the effect of adrenalin on blood pressure) as well as to the much greater activity of the substance.
According to their investigations adrenalinis more rapidly absorbed from the lumbar than from the gluteal muscles.
If the pieces of gauze soaked in the cocaine-adrenalin mixture be carefully tucked up on each side of the head of the turbinal, the part to be removed is generally well exposed.
The interior of the nose is prepared withadrenalin and cocaine (see p.
In the latter case the auditory canal should be filled with cocaine and adrenalin solution before the anæsthetic is administered in order to diminish bleeding as far as possible.
One hour before the operation the strips of ribbon gauze, soaked in adrenalin with the addition of 5% cocaine, are carefully laid all over the mucous membrane of the nose on the affected side.
Owing to the vascularity of the part adrenalin should be applied for at least 30 minutes beforehand.
Under adrenalin and cocaine the neck of the pterygium is seized with the forceps and the body and neck are carefully dissected from the conjunctiva.
Hæmorrhage is seldom profuse, but if it is, it can always be arrested by packing the meatus with cocaine and adrenalin solution.
Applied to a mucous surface adrenalin produces a local ischæmia by contracting the blood-vessels, so that the surface becomes pale and shrunken.
This may be performed under adrenalin and cocaine.
Swabs on the end of a glass rod dipped in adrenalin and cocaine may also be used during the operation.
The preliminary use of adrenalin and cocaine, the administration of lactate of calcium, and the other methods recommended for the prevention of bleeding (see p.
In the latter connection, it is often combined with adrenalin solution in small amounts to mitigate its depressing effects as well as to control bleeding.
Various combinations of drugs besides adrenalinare employed with novocaine.
The commercial tablet of novocaine and adrenalin is convenient for office use.
One property of adrenalin, as already noted, is to quicken the heart; so, as long as any adrenalin remains in the blood stream, the heartbeat will be faster than normal.
The activity may be the result of chemical stimulation, as when persons are kept awake by drinking coffee or strong tea in the evening, or by the persistence of adrenalin in the blood following a period of great excitement.
These facts about the effects of adrenalin had been known for some time before it was realized that they fit in with the reaction by which the body prepares itself to operate efficiently in time of stress.
The explanation of this we saw a couple of chapters ago in the outpouring of adrenalin that accompanies emotion.
Now we have learned to look upon adrenalin as the “emergency hormone,” meaning that it is a chemical substance which does the same things to the body that are done through the emotions in time of emergency.
Another hour without adrenalinand it would have been curtains.
He reached into the doctor's pocket, found the adrenalin and used it.
Gonzales sat heavily in one of the leather chairs, began to fumble in his pocket for another adrenalin vial.
Naturally enough, one turns to the records again to see if the blood-pressure of these patients was low, as would be expected with a poor adrenalin supply.
It is therefore inconceivable that the blood could receive its normal supply of adrenalin with an apathy of the degree seen in stupor unless some purely hypothetically substitutive excitant were found.
This imbalance could result from a poverty of circulating adrenalin which is necessary for the activation of the sympathetic nerves.
As Cannon and his associates have so conclusively demonstrated, any emotion which was open to investigation resulted in an increase of adrenalin output.
No longer shunning his help, he leaned heavily against him, and after the first mad adrenalin rush, made his way as in a three-legged race to the shuttledock.
Muscle tremors and adrenalin surges would make him useless if ever.
Adrenalin and turpentine are the most useful drugs for this purpose.
When the intra-venous method is not available, one or two pints of saline solution with adrenalin should be slowly introduced into the rectum, by means of a long rubber tube and a filler.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "adrenalin" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
