Valonia has been the other staple tanning material of the heavy leather trade.
The valonia tannin has been thought to contain two chemical individuals, only one of which produces bloom.
Type 2= is a tannage in which oak bark and valonia are replaced by myrabs, mimosa bark and chestnut extract.
The expense of gambier and oak bark madevalonia and mimosa bark into obviously desirable alternatives and substitutes.
The valonia tannins have only a moderate affinity for hide, which, like myrabolans, they penetrate very slowly.
Oak bark, valonia and myrabs are used as dust, though sumach and gambler have been used.
Parker and Leach[2] found that the tannin of the cup produces more bloom than that of the beard, and that Smyrna valonia yields more bloom than Greek.
More valonia and less myrabs may be used if desired (and when possible), and myrabs extract will then replace quebracho and chestnut.
The myrabs and valonia were leached together, and the extract added to the best leach to make layer liquors of the required strength.
Greek valonia is obtained from many parts of the Archipelago and mainland.
Type 1= may be taken to represent the so-called "high-class" process in which oak bark myrabs and valonia are the staple materials.
After most of its bloom has been deposited valonia makes a very suitable tannage for dressing leather, and in conjunction with gambier has been largely thus used.
Thus gambier is used, but more valonia and myrabs are employed, and the liquors may be strengthened with chestnut and quebracho extracts.
The tannage is chiefly of myrabs, but some valonia or Natal bark may be used together with chestnut extract and some quebracho.
The valonia trade has also steadily developed, and is supplemented by the export of timber, tobacco and almonds.
A new town then began to spring up, settlers being attracted by the prospect of opening up a trade in the products of a vast forest of valonia oaks which grew near.
The principal trees are the oak, the valonia oak, the beech.
The site is now covered with valonia oaks, and has been much plundered, e.
Valonia and Caulerpa among Siphonales detach portions of their thallus, which are capable of independent growth.
Valonia is well adapted for the tannage of sole leather in conjunction with oak bark, for it deposits a heavy bloom (ellagic acid), imparts weight and solidity, and increases the resistance of the leather to moisture.
The Turkish valonia contains from 30 to 35 per cent.
As the acorn has practically no tannin value, the Greek valonia contains only 25 to 28 per cent.
Of late years, very large quantities of valonia have been made into extract at two works in Smyrna.
Vache leather is more pliable than English sole leather, but the addition ofvalonia extract towards the end of the tanning process would greatly increase its firmness.
The beard of the valonia cup is much richer in tannin than the shell, and, as several of the spines become detached during the storage of the material, there is always a certain quantity of beard (trillo) on offer.
It is rarely, if ever, used alone, but generally in conjunction with quebracho, valonia or myrobalan extracts.
Formerly, most of the sole leather was tanned in oak bark liquors, and, in the later stages of the process, valonia and gambier were added to quicken the process and give solidity to the leather.
For this purpose, nothing is better than valonia, or valonia extract, which deposits a large quantity of bloom, or ellagic acid.
Valonia is the acorn cup of the Turkish and Greek oak.
Greek valonia is greyer in colour, and contains 26 % to 30 % of tannin.
The Smyrna or Turkish valonia is best, and contains 32 % to 36 % of an almost white tannin.
In proportion to the thinness of the skin treated, the processes are more rapidly finished and less complex, the tannage is a little lighter, heavy materials such as valonia being used sparsely if at all.
We are glad of the greenvalonia oaks that spread their shade over us, and of the blossoming hawthorns that scatter their flower-snow on the hillside.
A little valonia is exported from Manila, the shipments having been about 150 tons per annum.
On the west coast the ilex, plane, oak, valonia oak, and pine predominate.
Under its Turkish name of Behram, Assus is still the commercial port of the southern Troad, being the place to which loads of valonia are conveyed by camels from all parts of the country.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "valonia" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
