Here in this far away and unknown country are millions of acres of quebracho forests in which this tanning extract is already being made.
A quebracho log will not float upon water, but will sink like iron.
But a certain variety of the quebracho tree is much more valuable for another purpose, viz: the tanning of leather.
As I told you," repeated Jackson good-naturedly, "quebracho is a vegetable tan and chrome a chemical tan.
At many tanneries chrome is used almost entirely for tanning calfskins because the process is so much quicker; chrome takes but about nine hours while quebracho tanning takes two weeks or thereabouts.
Then maybe you'll pass on some more of your information," laughed Peter, "and tell me why some of the skins are tanned in quebracho and some in chrome.
Quebracho is a tree something like the lignum-vitæ and grows in South America.
Quebracho can be shipped by water and is therefore more economical, and for the varieties of leather we tan here it answers the purpose as well.
Best of all is the red quebracho of Chaco; it is the richest in tannic products; according to an analysis made in the United States, it contains 30 per cent.
Although quebracho wood is absolutely impervious to rot, and may thus be used in building, for piles, quays, sleepers, etc.
For some years now, two new factors of valuation have come into being: the culture of lucerne and the planting of quebracho wood.
Until quite lately quebracho wood was sawn into large round or squared balks, which were then sent abroad, chiefly to Germany, where the tannin was extracted.
Considering its future prospects, we must give a special place to the industry which exploits quebracho timber; converting the balks into railway sleepers, or extracting their tannin.
The Chaco quebracho is superior to that of Santiago, which has the misfortune to grow in nitrous alkaline soil, where the trees do not reach any considerable dimensions.
Other industrial undertakings, such as sugar factories, breweries, quebracho mills, and mines, are beginning to take a significant place in the list of Argentine securities.
Each has a name of its own--quebracho santiagueno andquebracho chaqueno.
Here the quebrachois exploited for tannic acid, not sleepers.
The trunks of exceptionally large quebracho provide logs that are sold by cubic measurement, but the district of the quebracho santiagueno mainly exports sleepers.
The roads both to Santiago and, by the Quebracho Herrado, to Cordoba were cut.
Nevertheless, immigration into the land of the quebracho Chaqueno, along the Parana, can be recognised from 1895 onward.
Most of the surface of the soil is covered with a dense brush of mesquite and quebracho trees, which are cut into cordwood and used as fuel on the locomotives.
Entering Tucuman province from Santiago del Estero, the scenery abruptly changes from the quebracho thicket to large open fields of sugar cane.
At that time Asuncion was having most of its new streets paved with quebracho blocks.
After two hours' climb up the barren ridge we reached a spine and then descended by zigzags to the canyon formed by the Quebracho de Chero in which grew a few mountain shrubs not unlike chaparral.
We were to pay for quebracho logs delivered at the plant from which we were to strip the bark, from which we were to extract the tannin.
Oakwood and quebracho extracts, and divi-divi or algarobilla.
It is useful to blend with other materials, such as oak wood, chestnut, and quebracho extracts, but used by itself it imparts a strong reddish colour to the leather.
The handler liquors, which are originally sent back from the layers, are also frequently strengthened by the addition of oakwood, chestnut, or quebracho extracts, although some tanners only use extracts in the layers.
The system of tannage is not so varied as the English, since the materials used generally consist of oak and pine barks, myrobalans, quebracho and oak extracts; and the finishing materials are of quite another character.
The Quebracho Colorado tree forms a very important item of export.
The forests of the Santa Fé Land Company have produced in the last twelve years over a millionQuebracho Colorado sleepers.
Most numerous amongst the trees is the Quebracho Colorado, which supplies one of the hardest timbers the world produces.
This means that the Quebracho forests are being depleted at the rate of half a million tons per annum for export purposes alone, in addition to the enormous quantities used for sleepers, etc.
The building of small river craft is an industry of some importance, but the main occupation of its inhabitants is the export of quebracho wood.
Gambier and myrobalans form the main body of the tannage, together with a little quebracho extract, mimosa bark, sumach and extracts.
Originally the quebracho was sought because it made serviceable and long lasting "sleepers" for railroads.
Nearly fifty flour mills have been erected, and there are also sawmills, meat preserving factories, and works for quebracho extracts.
This alkaline solution of bakelite was exactly neutralised with acetic acid and mixed with strong solutions of an untreated quebracho extract.
The same result was obtained by first half neutralising the phenolsulphonic acid and then adding sulphited quebracho extract till a 5° Bé.
By using a bath composed of half-neutralised phenolsulphonic acid and quebracho extract in 7° Bé.
French chestnut extract, and quebracho extract, however, are much too valuable tanning materials to exclude for merely sentimental reasons.
By solubilizing quebracho with excess of bisulphite an extract is obtained which possesses considerable bleaching powers, and such extracts are also extensively manufactured for the "vatting" or bleaching of heavy leather after tannage.
The handler liquor is made entirely from fresh leach liquor and quebracho extract, and is a sharp liquor of greater strength than its Bkr.
The grains are drum tanned in a mixture of chestnut and quebracho extract, over a period of about three days in which the liquor is strengthened gradually from 30 deg.
The great difficulty with quebracho has been the disposal of the phlobaphenes, and a great variety of quebracho extracts are now available which deal with this problem in different ways.
These may be partly replaced by Natal bark, valonia, and quebracho respectively.
Quebracho wood and mangrove bark have been used, but are now made into extracts.
Quebracho Extract= is made from the wood of the South American tree Loxopteryngium Lorenzii, which contains about 20 per cent.
Thus gambier is used, but more valonia and myrabs are employed, and the liquors may be strengthened with chestnut and quebracho extracts.
More valonia and less myrabs may be used if desired (and when possible), and myrabs extract will then replace quebracho and chestnut.
The flesh splits are given a drum tannage in chestnut andquebracho extracts.
The vat liquor is made several degrees stronger than the last layer by means of quebracho bleaching extract and good coloured chestnut or myrabs extract.
The material is chiefly pine bark, but some oak bark, valonia, myrabs and quebrachoare also used.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "quebracho" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
