At Pala it has been extensively mined for the preparation of lithium and rubidium salts.
Lithia and fluorine are each present to the extent of about 5%; rubidium and caesium are sometimes present in small amounts.
Bunsen, the best source of rubidium and caesium salts is the residue left after extraction of lithium salts from lepidolite.
The caesium and rubidium are separated from this by repeated fractional crystallization of their double platinum chlorides, which are much less soluble in water than those of the other alkali metals (R.
This residue consists of sodium, potassium and lithium chlorides, with small quantities of caesium and rubidium chlorides.
The platino-chlorides are reduced by hydrogen, and the caesium and rubidium chlorides extracted by water.
Potassium and rubidium have been shown to be radio-active, but otherwise the alkaline metals do not enter the classes.
Apatite contains no alkalis—hence apatite will have virtually no rubidium (which is an alkali) in it to contaminate the ⁸⁷Sr.
This is because this isotope is radiogenic and has been accumulating from the decay of rubidium since this crystal was formed.
Otherwise, feldspar is an excellent closed system for rubidium and strontium; it remains closed even at temperatures high enough to melt many other minerals.
Therefore, rubidium must be separated chemically from strontium before the strontium can be analyzed in a mass spectrometer.
They are all monads and paramagnetic; lithium, potassium and rubidium are positive, while fluorine and manganese are negative.
But lithium is placed by Crookes at the head of a group, the other members of which are potassium, rubidium and cæsium (the last not examined).
Potassium has nine, rubidium has sixteen, in both cases radiating from a central globe.
The separation of lithium, cæsium, and rubidiumis seldom called for, owing to their rarity.
Rubidium occurs widely diffused in nature, but in very small quantities.
Cæsium and rubidium are separated from potassium by fractional precipitation with platinum chloride.
Rubidium platino-chloride is much less soluble than the potassium salt.
The oxides of sodium, potassium, lithium, cæsium, andrubidium and ammonia are grouped under this head.
Within two years of the invention the authors announced the discovery of two metals, rubidium and caesium, closely allied to sodium, potassium and lithium in properties, in the mineral lepidolite and in the Durkheim mineral water.
On the other hand, the leaves which had been immersed in the solutions of the chloride of rubidium and magnesium, of acetate of strontium, nitrate of barium, and citric acid, were quickly acted on by the phosphate.
We see, also, that caesium causes inflection, and rubidium does not; and these two metals are allied to sodium and potassium.
The amount of the oxides of cæsium and rubidium in lepidolite does not generally exceed one-half per cent.
The separation of cæsium from rubidium by this method is very tedious.
From this it is clear how the salts of rubidium and cæsium may be isolated.
The replacement of potassium by rubidium causes the distance between the centres of the molecules in the direction of the three axes of crystallisation to increase equally, and less than with the replacement of rubidium by cæsium.
Rubidium has also been found in the ashes of many plants, while the Stassfurt carnallite (the mother-liquor obtained after having been treated for KCl) forms an abundant source for rubidium and also partly for cæsium.
Rubidium also occurs, although in very small quantities, in the majority of mineral waters.
As rubidiumand cæsium are more rarely met with in nature than potassium, so also strontium and barium are rarer than calcium (in the same way that bromine and iodine are rarer than chlorine).
Both metals accompany sodium, potassium, and lithium, but in small quantities; rubidium occurs in larger quantity than cæsium.
The solubility of the various alums in water varies greatly, sodium alum being readily soluble in water, whilst caesium and rubidium alums are only sparingly soluble.
To illustrate this, we shall briefly discuss the solubility relations of a few double salts, beginning with one of the simplest cases, that of the formation of rubidium racemate from rubidium d- and l-tartrates.
Rubidium and cæsium were discovered in this way, rubidium having bright red lines and cæsium a very intense blue line.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "rubidium" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word. Other words: gold; iron; lead; metal; silver
