The moving pendulum mass, so far as its energy properties are concerned, behaves in precisely the same manner as a body vertically projected in the field of the gravitative attraction (Sec.
To raise one pound of lead through a given distance against the gravitative attraction of the earth requires no greater expenditure of energy than to raise one pound of hydrogen gas through the same distance.
This mass is assumed to be assembled and to obtain its coherent form in virtue of that universal and inherent property of matter, namely, gravitativeor central attraction.
Whatever may be the value of the mass assumed, its total energy and the gravitative attraction of the planetary body on it are both alike entirely and directly dependent on that mass value.
In the particular case we have just considered, the incepting field is simply the inherent gravitative property of the energised mass.
Let it be assumed that a mass of aqueous vapour liberated at its surface of evaporation by the transformation of axial energy, expands upwards against the gravitative attraction of the earth (Secs.
The final action of the heat energy thus communicated to the fluid is to expand the latter against the internal cohesive or viscous forces of its material, and also against the gravitative attraction of the earth.
The capacity of the rotating body for energy clearly depends on the amount of work which may be spent on its material in distorting it against the influence of the gravitative attraction.
The greater the mass, the greater the gravitative force, and the greater the possibility of transformation.
This movement is carried out in the lines of the earth's gravitative attraction, and to a certain extent over the surface of the containing vessel.
The distortional movement of the material is carried out against the action and within the field of certain forces which exist in the mass of material in virtue of its gravitative or cohesive qualities.
The explanation, in effect, necessarily supposes that the proper motions of the celestial bodies are insensible compared with the motion of the gravitative fluid.
It will be easily seen, besides, that two bodies plunged into the gravitative fluid, would tend to approach each other with an intensity which would vary in the inverse proportion of the square of the distance.
Their totality constituted the gravitative fluid, if indeed, the designation of a fluid be applicable to an assemblage of particles having no mutual connexion.
One of the lumps of matter in space can become a habitable planet only when it has attained a certain size, which conceivably it might do by falling together with others into a complex aggregate under the influence of gravitative attraction.
In order, however, that a planet may by gravitative attraction control the roving atoms of gas, and confine their excursions to within a certain range of itself, it must have a very considerable mass.
It has become in fact a central sun, and source of heat, solely because of its enormous size combined with the fact of the mutual gravitative attraction of its own constituent particles.
It is likely that if, in her earlier history, she had within the limit of her gravitative attraction the nucleus of a satellite, it would have been taken away from her by the stronger attraction of the sun.
Their mass cannot, of course, really be measured, because they are too small to have any perceptible gravitativeeffect on other bodies, and mass can only be determined by the influence of one body on another.
The air we breathe would dart off into space with almost incredible fleetness if the earth had not sufficient gravitative force to hold it.
According to the mass it has in the beginning, the planet gathers up by gravitative attraction all the material in its region, gaseous or more or less condensed, and grows by this accretion.
The enormous gravitative power of Jupiter would enable him to hold gases rarer than the earth, or the smaller planets like the earth, ever acquired.
It is now thought probable that in the original nebula the matter forming the planetoids might have been prevented from condensing into a planet by the powerful gravitative influence of Jupiter.
We all recognize the universal relation of things, gravitativeor other, in space.
He says: "They are no more the producers of vital phenomena, than the shells scattered in orderly line along the sea-beach are the instruments by which the gravitative force of the moon acts upon the ocean.
The profound Newton did not attempt to show what the gravitative force of the universe was.
Defn: general equilibrium in the earth's crust, supposed to be maintained by the yielding or flow of rock material beneath the surface under gravitative stress.
So also plateaus and great mountain ranges are at least partly sustained by gravitative equilibrium, but partly also by earth rigidity.
All the evidence goes to show that the body of the sun is really gaseous, but so compressed by its gravitative force as to behave more like a liquid.
The combination of enormous gravitative force with an amount of heat which turns all the elements into the liquid or gaseous state, leads to consequences which it is difficult for us to follow or comprehend.
The mass of matter in the sun is 745 times greater than that of all the planets combined; hence the powerful gravitative force by which they are retained in their distant orbits.
Yet this slight increase in diameter would give two-thirds increase in bulk, and, with a corresponding increase of density due to the greater gravitative force, the mass would be about double what it is.
It and the sun together are, in fact, the whole cause of them; and the mode in which these bodies act by gravitative attraction was first made out and explained in remarkably full detail by Sir Isaac Newton.
The prolate or lemon-like shape is caused by the gravitative pull of the earth, balanced by the centrifugal whirl.
But this small gravitative power of the moon would prevent its retaining on its surface any of the gases forming our atmosphere, which would all escape from it and probably be recaptured by the earth.
Then only will its gravitative force be sufficient to cause incoming matter to fall upon it with so powerful an impact as to produce intense heat.
The planet thus grew as a solid and cold mass, compacted together by the impact of the incoming matter as well as by its slowly increasing gravitative force.
I do not suppose that this can be the reason, but one would think there must be some reason, for the scattered condition of gravitative matter.
Radiation is not the only thing the earth feels from the sun; there is in addition its gigantic gravitative pull, a force or tension more than what a million million steel rods, each seventeen feet in diameter, could stand (see Chap.
Let us continue the calculation of the gravitative pull.
Another consequence of the smallgravitative power of the moon bears upon the all-important question of atmosphere.
If an astronomer avowed that he could conceive gravitative force as exercised through space absolutely void, my private opinion would be that he mistook the nature of conception.
To deduce the laws of the heavenly motions, we require not only to know the law of a rectilineal and that of a gravitative force, but the existence of both these forces in the celestial regions, and even their relative amount.
These rings are found where alone they could have been produced--close to the body of a planet whose centrifugal force bears a great proportion to his gravitative force.
As it thickens, as the globe contracts, and as the gravitative force augments, the pressure will increase; and the evolution and radiation of heat will go on more rapidly.
But what," it may be asked, "will become of this gaseous nucleus when exposed to the enormous gravitativepressure of a shell some thousands of miles thick?
And while, from the enormous gravitative force of the atoms, the evolution of heat has been intense, the facilities of radiation have been relatively small.
Gaining a rapidly-increasing preponderance, as the gravitative force does during the closing stages of concentration, the centrifugal force cannot in ordinary cases cause the detachment of rings when the mass has become dense.
Whence it is tolerably obvious that the detachment of rings will be most frequent from those masses in which the centrifugal tendency bears the greatest ratio to the gravitative tendency.
Now let us see how such a conception compares with our hypothesis of a gravitative Aether.
Thus, if the earth and moon are taken as examples, an imaginary straight line drawn from the centre of the earth's mass to the centre of the mass of the moon would be the direction in which the gravitative force would be exerted.
I refer to the effect of an atomic and gravitative Aether upon Newton's corpuscular theory of light.
Of course with a frictionless and non-atomic Aether such a result would be an impossibility, but with our conception of an atomic and gravitative Aether the result is now attainable.
For, if Aether possess an electric basis as suggested by Maxwell, and it is alsogravitative as suggested in Art.
With an atomic and gravitative aether it is shown in Chapter IV.
At the present time this temperature is a chief obstacle to further shrinkage, and so powerfully opposes the gravitative forces as to maintain nearly an equilibrium with them, thus causing a very slow rate of further condensation.
If one considersgravitative phenomena, the difficulty is enormously increased.
But atoms or molecules may cohere for other reasons, gravitative or magnetic, and relative positions would be immaterial.
We are asked to consider gravitative energy, heat energy, mechanical energy, chemical energy, and electrical energy.
We are now assured that there is something else in the universe which has no gravitativeproperty at all, namely, the ether.
Everything then that possesses gravitative attraction is matter in the sense in which that term is used in this law.
If gravitativeattraction took any such appreciable time to go from one astronomical body to another as does light, it would make very considerable differences in the paths of the planets and the earth.
The second class is composed of comets which are supposed to have been seized by the gravitative action of certain planets, and thus forced to revolve in short ellipses around the sun, well within the limits of the solar system.
These are ascertained from their movements with regard to each other under the influence of their mutual gravitative attractions.
It controls the motions of the planets by its immense gravitative power.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "gravitative" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
