The re-polarisation of the fertilised ovum, which is visible beneath the microscope, would seem to represent this differentiative process.
While the female sex-cells of the self-fertilising Recessives are fertilisedby male sex-cells of low vigour.
They represent the male reproductive cells, which during coitus are introduced into the interior of the female reproductive organs; a single spermatozoon unites with the ovum of the female to form the fertilised ovum.
In thefertilised ovum, it is supposed, the rudiment of sex already exists, likewise the rudiment of the reproductive gland, and the rudiments of the appropriate sexual characters.
To give an instance: Mirabilis jalapa can easily be fertilised by the pollen of M.
From this extreme degree of sterility we have self-fertilised hybrids producing a greater and greater number of seeds up to perfect fertility.
For these plants have been found to yield seed to the pollen of a distinct species, though quite sterile with their own pollen, notwithstanding that their own pollen was found to be perfectly good, for it fertilised distinct species.
He then fertilised thirteen flowers of the one with the pollen of the other; but only a single head produced any seed, and this one head produced only five grains.
Of his many important statements I will here give only a single one as an example, namely, that "every ovule in a pod of Crinum capense fertilised by C.
The great majority of the fertilised females share the same fate as the males.
For, unlike the bees, whose communities live from year to year, the wasps all perish at the end of autumn, with the exception of a very few fertilised females.
From those fertilised eggs grow young polyps, which fix themselves to rocks or weeds, and grow up to bud and multiply by fission, and eventually to produce again by fission a generation of jelly-fishes!
Thus Virgil in his "Georgics" cites as a fact that mares arefertilised by the wind.
If, on the other hand, a hybrid is crossed with either pure parent-species, the sterility is usually much lessened: and so it is when an illegitimate plant is fertilised by a legitimate plant.
So that with some species, certain abnormal individuals, and in other species all the individuals, can actually be hybridised much more readily than they can be fertilised by pollen from the same individual plant!
He then fertilised thirteen flowers of the one kind with pollen of the other; but only a single head produced any seed, and this one head produced only five grains.
The weather had been cold and boisterous and therefore not favourable to bees, nevertheless every female flower which I examined had been effectually fertilised by the bees, which had flown from tree to tree in search of nectar.
Some flowers or spathes form closed boxes in which insects find themselves entrapped, and when they have fertilised the flower, the fringe of hairs opens and allows them to escape.
Bright red flowers are very attractive to butterflies, and are sometimes specially adapted to be fertilised by them, as in many pinks (Dianthus deltoides, D.
With these modifications the species might extend its range into new districts, thereby obtaining increased vigour by the change of conditions, as appears to have been the case with so many of the small flowered self-fertilised plants.
The flowers, therefore, have to be fertilised with the pollen from other varieties in order to produce fruit.
If care is taken, practically all the eggs can be caused to develop into plutei, the majority of which may be perfectly normal and may live as long as larvae produced from eggs fertilised with sperm.
Sprengel that "very many flowers have the sexes separate and probably at least as many hermaphrodite flowers are dichogamous; it would thus appear that Nature was unwilling that any flower should be fertilised by its own pollen.
With Sinapis alba a better crop of seeds was obtained after geitonogamy, and in the Sugar Beet the average weight of a fruit in the case of a self-fertilised plant was 0.
The seeds were germinated on moist sand; two seedlings of the same age, one from a cross and the other from a self-fertilised flower, were selected and planted on opposite sides of the same pot.
Pflueger had already shown that the first plane of division in a fertilised frog's egg is vertical and Roux established the fact that the first plane of division is identical with the plane of symmetry of the later embryo.
This view receives support also from the fact that descendants of a flower fertilised illegitimately by pollen from another plant with the same form of flower belong, with few exceptions, to the same type as that of their parents.
Looked at from one point of view they belong to the class of genetic variations, which depend upon the structure or constitution of the protoplasm; but instead of appearing in different zygotes (A zygote is a fertilised ovum, i.
It is scarcely necessary for me to repeat the evidence from which it has been concluded that without doubt such twins arise by division of the same fertilised ovum.
The ovules are evidently mixed talls and dwarfs, and whether fertilised by dwarfs or by the pollen of velutina, which is already proved to be all dwarf, the result was a steady 50 per cent.
Secondly the division of the fertilised ovum, the process by which they became two instead of one, must have been a symmetrical division.
There can be no question therefore that the mother had been fertilised by a male arthemis and that no-white-band is a factor partially dominant over the white band.
Ultimately two plants were raised from it fertilised with a plant of the strain from which it sprang, and these proved sterile.
According to the received account every individual, though incapable of fertilising itself, was supposed to be able both to fertilise and to be fertilised by any other individual.
Lamarckiana [F] fertilised by the pollen of a peculiar race of biennis named biennis Chicago throws the same types.
The proof of this is of course that when fertilised with the pollen of doubles they throw a mixture of doubles and singles.
Usually the self-fertilised plants set little or nothing, and cross-fertilised they set fully with such uniformity that the few failures could plausibly be attributed to mistakes in manipulation or to other extraneous causes.
Males, of course, appeared from time to time in the cultures, but as fertilised eggs were rejected, their presence did not disturb the result.
Females bearing ephippia (fertilised eggs) were isolated until the ephippia were dropped, and in this way the offspring of fertilisation were excluded.
The single pair would be the rudiment of the whole state, and would bear the same significance in the development of the state, as the fertilised egg bears to the development of the adult.
It has been shown fully by experiment and by observation that the fertilised eggs of the queen bee may become either workers or queens.
At first the particles of the egg were arranged around the fertilised nucleus, which was a single centre of force; they become grouped around as many centres of forces as there are nuclei, and so become segregated into as many cells.
Then chromosomes of definite size and form, and corresponding in number to those present in the fertilised egg-cell, again appear.
The fertilised nucleus, thus consisting of chromosomes from male and female, then divides by a complicated process known as karyokinesis, in which each chromosome splits longitudinally, one half passing to each daughter-nucleus.
And so, in a recently published work, I stated that the growing embryo, especially in its early stages, must conform in many ways to the shape of the fertilised egg.
Plainly, the blastosphere cannot be pre-existing as a structure of particles in the fertilised nucleus; there cannot be blastosphere determinants.
In these, now, as in the marine ancestors of all the vertebrates, the fertilised egg is a tiny cell provided with very little yolk, and set adrift in the sea-water.
Flowers legitimately fertilised set seeds under conditions which cause the almost complete failure of illegitimately fertilised flowers.
Now we know positively that, so far from Linum perenne being fertilisedby its own pollen in the bud, its own pollen is as powerless on the stigma as so much inorganic dust.
During 1866 it was freely and legitimately fertilised by other illegitimate plants belonging to the present and the following class, both of which include many highly fertile plants.
The present species differs remarkably from the long-styled form of the three species previously experimented on, in a much larger proportion of the flowers setting capsules when fertilised with their own-form pollen.
Some, however, remained in moderately good health, and on these there were twelve flowers which had been fertilised legitimately, and eleven which had been fertilised illegitimately.
There is good reason to believe that the first seven plants in Class 1 and 2 were the offspring of a long-styled plant fertilised with pollen from its own-form shortest stamens, and these plants were the most sterile of all.
Now it is obvious that flowers which are fertilised by night-flying insects would derive no advantage from being open by day; and on the other hand, that those which are fertilised by bees would gain nothing by being open at night.
Finally on the third evening it reopens for the last time, the long spiral stigmas expand, and can hardly fail to be fertilised with the pollen brought by Moths from other flowers.
Those which are fertilised by Moths generally come out in the evening, are often very sweetly scented, and are generally white or pale yellow, these colours being most visible in the twilight.
A second and scarcely less important is that they tend to secure "cross fertilisation"; that is to say, that the seed shall be fertilised by pollen from another plant.
Thus for example a long-styled primrose, though it can befertilised by its own pollen, is not fully fertile unless it is impregnated by the pollen of a short-styled flower.
And just as fifty years before, Germany had been fertilised by England, so it now gave in its turn the principles of genre painting to the powers of the second rank in art.
Oncidium sphacelatum has effective pollen, for Mr. Scott fertilised two distinct species with it; the ovules are likewise capable of impregnation, for they were readilyfertilised by the pollen of O.
He thenfertilised sixteen flowers produced by the same raceme, one with another, but obtained only three capsules, one of which alone contained any good seeds, namely, two in number.
Mr. Scott has made some observations on the absolute sterility of a purple and white primrose (Primula vulgaris) when fertilised by pollen from the common primrose ('Journal of Proc.
It has, however, been maintained by some authors that a bud differs essentially from a fertilised germ, in always reproducing the perfect character of the parent-stock; whilst fertilised germs give birth to variable beings.
One evening in July, when the summer is in its prime and all the blossoms which the spring has fertilised ripen into fruit, Theodore was sitting in his bed-room, waiting.
Surely anyone who knows a forest from a flower-pot is aware that flowers which are fertilised by night-insects necessarily open at night, and emit at night their odours by which those insects are attracted.
The meaning (which I must have perfectly clear) is that flowers which are fertilised by night-insects confront the moon and stars with a glance more sleepless and steady than their own.
All these emit fragrance at night, and are fertilised only by night-flying insects.
The eggs are deposited at intervals in the sand, and when the milt has beenfertilised the whole is covered over, there to remain until spring.
The purple Hesperis matronalis emits its sweet smell only at night, and is fertilisedby moths.
We all bear within us, in that fertilised germ that constituted the first cell of our organism, predetermined biological conditions, on which depend the physical limits of our body, as well as those of our psychic individuality.
But as seen through the microscope, it is really not materially anything more than a microscopic cell, undifferentiated, and in all things similar to other independent cells or to fertilised ovarian cells belonging to other animals.
For at least a month every spring it would be flooded most of the time, but I have been told that this flooding fertilised the ground, and that the hay crops were more wonderful than anything we see to-day.
It has been given its three sprayings, and has been fertilised and ploughed.
Besides these pairs of competitors, others were planted in beds, so that the descendants of the crossed and self-fertilised flowers might compete.
On the Various Contrivances by which British and Foreign Orchids are fertilised by Insects, and on the good effects of intercrossing.
But, as Darwin remarks, profuse expenditure is nothing unusual in nature, and it appears to be more profitable for a plant to yield a few cross-fertilised than many self-fertilised seeds.
A fresh spring breeze from ancient Hellas, the true, the real Greece, blew over France and fertilised the ground.
The deep fountains of her nature have never been unsealed; she has never been fertilised throughout her whole nature by their liberating influence; her erotic personality has never been developed.
The fertilised ovum has only apparent simplicity; it has a complex individualised organisation--often visible.
In the majority of cases, we admit, the reproductive cells are not to be seen in early segregation, and the continuous lineage from the fertilised ovum cannot be traced.
That Spencer was not far from the idea of a struggle between hereditary units, we see from the following passage: "In the fertilised germ we have two groups of physiological units, slightly different in their structures.
But the reproductive cells are set apart; they take no share in the differentiation, but remain virtually unchanged, continuing unaltered the protoplasmic tradition of the original fertilised ovum.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "fertilised" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
