Doubtless these last-named do not make very large inroads in the ranks of larvae and chrysalids every day; yet, having no other food, they destroy a goodly number of them.
These small mammals, which abound in this district, destroy a large number of chrysalids of Lepidoptera.
Fourteen species are found in the British Isles, but to obtain fine specimens of most of them the mature caterpillars or the chrysalids will have to be collected and the moths reared.
Occasionally, a few caterpillars will feed up quickly, and attain the moth state in July or August, but the bulk do not become chrysalids until later in the year, and the moths emerge therefrom in May and early June.
When chrysalids are kept indoors, but not dry, the moths sometimes emerge in March, and occasionally in the earlier months of the year.
The white cocoons enclosing the black chrysalids are spun up on or under the twigs of bilberry and heather.
A laugh of pure enjoyment went up as Scale insects with chrysalids and some green hair streaks was seen to be baked fish with shrimp salad, dressed with cucumbers.
A few chrysalids depended from some twigs, and a number of butterflies, like flowers reft from their stems, were flickering and pursuing each other in the sunshine which streamed through the windows.
By keeping the pupae of Vanessa prorsa several weeks at a temperature of from 0 deg to 1 deg Weismann succeeded in obtaining from the summer chrysalids specimens which resembled the winter variety, Vanessa levana.
The best examples of this are those which were observed by Poulton in the chrysalids of various butterflies, especially the small tortoise-shell.
The chrysalids under the sod, their eclosion time completed, were coming into their own--bringing perfection with them.
A few more chrysalids to open in the spring, an extra litter of bones to puzzle the next Reclamations crew.
The chrysalidshave the tongue-case free at the tip and projecting beyond the tips of the wing-cases.
They then hibernate in this larval stage and the following spring complete their growth and change to chrysalids in time for the butterflies to emerge in June.
When they become full grown, they spin a silken cocoon and change to yellowish green chrysalids from which the butterflies emerge a little more than a week later.
They hatch into caterpillars less than a week later and these caterpillars feed for about a month, when they change to the characteristic chrysalids in which they commonly remain for a week or ten days.
The chrysalids of both are marked in silver and gold and the variation in the golden lustre has led hop growers to deduce from them the probable price of hops.
The nests of course fall in autumn with the leaves and the caterpillars remain unchanged until April or May, when they transform intochrysalids to emerge in May as butterflies.
In southern New England these butterflies appear about the middle of July and lay eggs soon afterward, these eggs hatching into butterflies that change to chrysalids and change again to butterflies late in August or early in September.
Practically all the butterflies that pass the winter as chrysalidshave a silken loop running around near the middle of the body which helps to hold them securely through the long winter months.
Those chrysalids which have a light colored outer skin are especially desirable if we would watch this process.
These hatch and mature to chrysalids during the next six weeks, the butterflies of this brood emerging about the middle of September.
They then change to chrysalids to emerge as butterflies a little later.
When fully developed they change to chrysalids which give forth the summer brood of butterflies in July and August.
Within these chrysalids the change from larva to butterfly takes place, usually in less than two weeks, so that this new brood of adults appears on the wing early in July.
The chrysalids are characterized by having a pointed projection on the front of the head, the rest of the body being more or less angular.
In the course of temperature experiments it has been noted that the colour of the moth is darkened if the chrysalids are put in a refrigerator for a few weeks, and then brought into a mean temperature of 40deg Fahr.
Usually there is but one brood in the year, but in the hot summer of 1906 a male specimen emerged from a few chrysalids that I had reared from eggs laid at the end of June of that year.
In all cases the chrysalids are enclosed in silken cocoons, and these are spun up among the lichens, in crevices of bark, or other suitable crannies.
From July chrysalidsmoths will often emerge in August or September of the same year, but none have appeared from those under observation.
Then in August, from about the 14th to September, moths were captured throughout the greater part of England; in some places caterpillars were also obtained in August, chrysalids in September.
When the chrysalids are kept indoors the moths emerge earlier than in the open, and it therefore sometimes happens that eggs are laid and the caterpillars hatch before the birch leaves are ready for them.
From chrysalids obtained by digging under oak and elm trees in a private park several miles from Taunton, Somerset, Mr. H.
In March, 1889, Mr. Elisha had moths emerge from chrysalids of the previous year.
Specimens have been obtained from chrysalids dug up now and then from about the roots of trees, but perhaps most of the specimens in collections, not numerous altogether, have been reared from eggs.
Comparatively few butterflies pass the winter in the winged form, but undergo its rigors as chrysalids or as larvæ.
From the same delicate material they fashion the little knobs, buttons, and girdles by which the chrysalids are supported.
The chrysalidsof the Papilionidæ, or swallowtail butterflies, are held in place by girdles, and generally are bifurcate or cleft at the upper end (Fig.
Chrysalids in Color and in Outline--Papiloninæ and Hesperiidæ 58 VII.
There are a number of butterflies known in temperate North America which have three broods: a spring brood, emerging from chrysalids which have overwintered; an early summer brood; and a fall brood.
The chrysalids are small, rounded at either end, and held in place by a girdle of silk a little forward of the middle.
Closely resembling the chrysalids of the preceding genera.
The writer has in his collection a considerable number of strikingly aberrant specimens which emerged from chrysalids treated to a sudden artificial lowering of the temperature at the critical period of pupation.
What has been said concerning the chrysalids of the family applies likewise to the chrysalids of this and the succeeding genera.
Very little is as yet known about the early stages of these insects, and what has been said of the characteristics of the caterpillars and chrysalids of the subfamily of the Ithomiinæ must suffice us here.
The chrysalidsdo not generally differ in appearance from the chrysalids of the genus Meganostoma, though the wing-cases do not form as high a keel-shaped projection from the ventral side as in that genus.
The chrysalidsare generally more or less pointed at the head, with the wing-cases in many of the genera greatly developed on the ventral side, forming a deep, keel-shaped projection upon this surface.
Poulton's[AA] striking and beautiful experiments show that the colours of caterpillars and chrysalids reared from the same brood will vary according to the colour of their surroundings.
I once obtained a number of these chrysalids in July at Mill Hill; they were found suspended by the tail from the edges of boards that formed a rickety old cart-shed standing at one end of a field and beneath an elm tree.
If the season is a favourable one, that is fine and warm, some of the butterflies should appear in August, the others remaining in the chrysalids until May or June of the following year; a few may even pass a second winter in the chrysalis.
The blue spots referred to as not usually present on the fore wings are stated to occur in specimens emerging from chrysalids that have been kept in a rather cold temperature for a certain length of time.
The term chrysalis more especially applies to such of them as are spotted or splashed with metallic colour, as, for example, the chrysalids of some of the Fritillaries.
Some of these chrysalids are furnished with hooks on the tail as well as with a girdle for suspension; but others have hooks only.
The chrysalids are suspended from a silken web, which is attached to a leaf or drawn-together leaves.
Caterpillars from eggs laid by the August females may be found in September, nearly or quite full grown, and chrysalids from October onwards throughout the winter.
Albin in 1731, who wrote of it as the White Butterfly with black veins, figures the caterpillar and the chrysalis, and states that caterpillars found by him in April turned to chrysalids early in May and to butterflies in June.
Chrysalids of the Skippers are enclosed in a more or less complete cocoon placed within a chamber, formed of a leaf or leaves of the food-plant, drawn together by silken cables.
I think, however, that there are generally a few strands of silk around or about it, but these are so easily broken when the chrysalids are removed that they escape observation.
An observer states that from fifty chrysalids only one butterfly resulted, all the others were found to be filled with parasites.
It may be interesting to remark that similar varieties have been produced by subjecting the chrysalids at a particular period to a very low temperature.
As almost all the chrysalids here considered are figured in the illustrations, it will be unnecessary to refer in detail to their great diversity in form, but a few general remarks on the structure of a chrysalis may be made.
Occasionally the chrysalids are blackish, with white or yellow points on the body.
Can she know beforehand that, when the chrysalids break, her winged family, knocking with a sudden flight against the sides of a tall chimney, will be unable to get out?
Penned in a large wire-gauze bell-cage, they accept this provender without demur; they nibble it with the same appetite as if it were cabbage; and they end by producing chrysalids and Butterflies.
If you miss them some day, search in the terrarium for the chrysalids into which they have changed.
Cocoons and butterfly chrysalids are very hard to find because they so closely resemble the withered leaves that cling to shrubs and trees.
One by one, the chrysalids of the milkweed butterfly paled in color and, becoming transparent, showed through their whitened walls the orange-colored wings of the developing butterflies within.
They were the chrysalidsof the monarch, or milkweed, butterfly.
These chrysalidssometimes imitate the color of the support from which they hang, and you may have difficulty in finding them.
She gave him for his pains sometimes a light, and sometimes a dark butterfly, with different degrees of blurred or enlarged and vivid markings, from chrysalids subjected to exactly the same amount of exposure.
He generally used the chrysalids of the Papilio Turnus, whose females are dimorphic, that is, having two distinct forms.
And while we had been paying attention to other things, one of these chrysalids had been paying strict attention to its own business, the beautiful and important business of becoming a butterfly.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "chrysalids" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
