The Conchoderma gracile lives on the branchiae of the Maia squinado, the sea-spider of the Adriatic, and Mons.
Blanchard has noticed a malacobdella in the branchiae of the Venus exoleta; and it was known in the last century that the Mya truncata of our coast also lodges a malacobdella which lies always under the foot of the animal.
In the same class is found an Amphinoma, a beautiful red-blooded worm, which proudly wears a plume of red branchiae on its head, and which Fritz Mueller observed on the coast of Brazil, begging assistance from a poor Lepas anatifera.
Gay discovered in Chili one of the Hirudinidae in the pulmonary sac of an Auricula, and another on the branchiae of a crab (Branchiobdella Chilensis).
Mr. John Denis Macdonald found in abundance on thebranchiae of a crab in Australia, the Neptunus pelagicus, which he places between the Lepas and the Dichelaspis.
The clefts on the neck in the embryo of man show where the branchiae once existed.
Gills or branchiae may be developed by parts of an appendage becoming thin-walled and vascular and either expanded into a thin lamella or ramified.
When present, the branchiae are generally differentiations of parts of the appendages, most often the epipodites, as in the Phyllopoda.
Some of the special modifications of branchiae are referred to below.
In the higher Vertebrata the branchiae have wholly disappeared--the slits on the sides of the neck and the loop-like course of the arteries still marking in the embryo their former position.
Now I think no one will dispute that the ovigerous frena in the one family are strictly homologous with the branchiae of the other family; indeed, they graduate into each other.
The branchial slits at the same time close and the branchiae atrophy.
Mantle oval, covering the head and the greater part of the body; anterior tentacles, ill-developed; branchiae generally retractile.
Scurria, with pallial branchiae in a circle beneath the mantle.
A more or less prominent frontal veil; branchiae non-retractile.
Pharynx suctorial; branchiaesurrounding the body, between the mantle and foot.
No ctenidia but pallial branchiae in a circle between mantle and foot.
In the higher Vertebrata the branchiae have wholly disappeared--but in the embryo the slits on the sides of the neck and the loop-like course of the arteries still mark their former position.
Chthamalus Boulders, erratic, on the Azores Branchiae --of crustaceans Braun, Prof.
The mouth is provided with organs of mastication, the branchiae are attached to the hind jaws, and the animals have but one eye.
The Proteus is furnished with branchiaeas well as with lungs: and Schreibers (24/20.
When, on the other hand, the animal was compelled to live in shallow water, the lungs became larger and more vascular, whilst the branchiae disappeared in a more or less complete degree.
He claims to have been one of the first to show the termination of the oviducts and renal organs between the processes of the branchiae in the Chitons.
The external branchiae are short, and the upper or internal branchial cavity does not communicate with the lower one.
The first and second stomachs are at a distance from each other, the tongue is little developed, and the branchiae (often single in the Turbonidae) two in number.
The branchial nerves have each two ganglia, of which the last at the root of the branchiae is rounder than the other; the branchial hearts have processes as in Sepia.
In Sepia the branchiae are again symmetrical and abdominal.
With respect to the Pteropoda, the branchiae in Hyalaea exist as a delicate membrane under the swollen part of the shell, in structure much like the same part in the Ascidians, the inlet being through the anterior opening of the mantle.
At the same time, this process would necessarily interfere, by the weight of the overhanging viscera and the shell covering the mass, with the development of the branchiae lying upon that side and now crowded under the visceral mass.
It has a median ventricle and two lateral auricles, each connected with the branchiae upon its respective side.
The second subclass, the /Dibranchiata/, is characterized by two branchiaeand two auricles.
Edwards (1879), which is unique in having supplementary ramified branchiae developed at the bases of the pleopods.
In the Mysidae the branchiae are wanting, and some would form this family into a separate order, Mysidacea.
The single pair of branchiae are placed symmetrically right and left of the anus, and each has the structure of a ctenidium bearing a row of lamellae on each side as in the Polyplacophora.
The largest pair of branchiae is placed immediately behind the renal openings and corresponds to the single pair of other molluscs, the organs being repeated anteriorly only (Metamacrobranchs) or anteriorly and posteriorly (Mesomacrobranchs).
Branchiae begin as single filaments on IX or sometimes on VIII.
The fully developed branchiae are obviously narrower than typical for the latter species.
The branchiae begin on the twenty-ninth setigerous somite and continue to about the one hundred and twenty-ninth, decreasing in size at the two ends of the series.
The number in several of the succeeding branchiae increases to three, then again falling to two, and, finally, the last eight pairs or so are again simple filaments.
Radioles of branchiae in a simple series; seventeen pairs.
Branchiae and body in general pale, unmarked or some of the branchiae with a blackish mark on stalk toward distal end.
Dorsal cirri present in addition to branchiae on the first four setigerous somites.
The general color is dusky or pale brownish with the anterior ventral plates lighter and the branchiae rather weakly transversely banded with dark.
Both branchiae very similar, each presenting three principal branches of which the most mesal is largest; ultimate branches numerous, rather short.
In this way the so-called lung-books of the scorpion are formed, which are in all respects homologous with the branchiae or gill-books of Limulus.
The branchiae and sense-organs on the mesosomatic appendages remain, and even the very muscles to a large extent.
These simple branchial bars later on form the branchial basket-work, which forms an open-work cage within which the branchiae are situated.
In very moist air the store of water contained in the branchial cavity may hold out for hours, and it is only when this is used up that the animal elevates its carapace in order to allow the air to have access to its branchiae from behind.
Branchiae are wanting, or where their first rudiments may be detected as small verruciform prominences, these are dense cell-masses, through which the blood does not yet flow, and which therefore have nothing to do with respiration.
In one Cypridina I find branchiae of considerable size, which are entirely wanting in another species, but this does not appear to me to be a reason for separating these species even generically.
Whilst in Grapsus the water is allowed to reach the branchiae only from the front, I saw it in Ocypoda flow in also through the orifice just described.
The spiral branchiae of Ceraurus are usually larger and coarser than those of Calymene.
The first is a series of branchiae attached to the basal joints of the legs, and the second, the branchial arms, or epipodites.
The first mention of Neolenus with appendages preserved was in Doctor Walcott's paper of 1911, in which two figures were given to show the form of the exopodites in comparison with the branchiae of the eurypterid-like Sidneyia.
The branchiae have required more time and labor to determine their true structure than any of the appendages yet discovered.
It is regarded as an arm or paddle, that, kept in constant motion, produced a current of water circulating among the branchiae gathered close beneath the dorsal shell.
The third type of the branchiae [consists of rather long straight ribbons arranged in a digitate manner on a broad basal joint].
Calymene senaria, and adds that he himself has seen evidence of spiral branchiae in the American Phacops rana.
The principal vascular arches are converted into the pulmonary artery, and the blood is diverted from the largest of the branchiae to the lungs.
The branchiae disappear one after the other, by absorption, giving place to pulmonary vessels.
The hinder band is the visceral and pleural pair fused; from its pleural portion nerves pass to the mantle, from its visceral portion nerves to the branchiae and genital ganglion (fig.
The branchiae are sometimes furnished with an operculum, sometimes they are without one, as in the cartilaginous fishes.
There is, I conceive, no foundation for the belief of some authors that the branchiae of the Balanidae are in any way connected with the ovaria.
Branchiae moderately large, in area equalling the prosoma; surface not plicated.
The double branchiaeis a peculiarity common to all four genera.
The Branchiae are generally smaller than in the Balaninae; and are sometimes quite rudimentary.
We shall find that this structure is common to the three following allied genera, but with these exceptions, I have observed double branchiae only in one species of one other genus, namely, in Chthamalus dentatus.
I have elsewhere stated my full belief that it is the ovigerous fraena which have been metamorphosed into the branchiae of the Balanidae.
I found the branchiae rather small, with transverse plications.
The branchiae are of moderate size, and plicated on one side.
It will be seen that I have divided the Balaninae into two little groups, according as whether the branchiae consist of one or of two plicated folds of membrane, and as whether or not the scutum and tergum are articulated together.
In the Balaninae, a pair of Branchiae is always present: they lie on each side, in a somewhat curved position, in the angle between the sides of the shell and the basis.
These so-called branchiae are in constant agitation, and the muscles which move them in several points resemble those of true wings.
It is true that in Chloeon the vibration of the branchiae is scarcely, if at all, utilized for the purpose of locomotion; the branchiae are, in fact, placed too far back to act efficiently.
Branchiae are either wanting or rudimentary, respiration being principally effected through the walls of the carapace.
Thus a division of labour would be effected; the branchiae on the thorax would be devoted to locomotion; those on the abdomen to respiration.
The situation of these branchiae differs in different groups; indeed, it seems probable that originally there were a pair on each segment.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "branchiae" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
