Mono-brom-benzene is better than chloroform for this experiment, but is more costly.
Sodium keeps well in a mixture of pure benzene and paraffin.
Perhaps in the diamond there may be found such a relation between the atoms as in the benzene group, and in charcoal such as in carbohydrates.
Picric acid and benzene can form a compound, which, however, can exist only in contact with solutions containing excess of benzene.
The fusion of the compound of benzene and picric acid with separation of the latter is analogous to the (partial) fusion of Glauber's salt with separation of anhydrous sodium sulphate.
It is insoluble in water or alcohol but soluble in boiling absolute alcohol and readily soluble in ether, chloroform, carbon disulphid, petroleum benzin, benzene and fixed and volatile oils.
The tablets are soluble in water, chloroform or benzene to the extent of about 80 per cent.
In a subsequent addition to this patent, the active agent is separated from the aleurone by extraction with benzene and centrifugal force.
It is prepared by the action of a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids on benzene at a temperature not exceeding 40° C.
Benzoline is not the same as benzene or benzol, which is one of the products of the dry distillation of coal.
Until such investigations have been carried out, we must consider [p087] it possible that the reactions of hydrogen chloride in benzene solution may be reactions of its non-ionized molecules or reactions of its ions.
A solution of hydrogen chloride in a poorly ionizing medium, like benzene or toluene, is an extremely poor conductor.
Chapter X), a value roughly of the same order as that calculated above as a possible concentration of hydrogen-ion in a benzene solution of hydrogen chloride.
Zinc chloride being insoluble in benzene, the ratio for equilibrium may not be fulfilled for zinc in contact with a benzene solution of hydrogen chloride.
Hydrogen chloride dissolved in benzene has an extremely small conductivity, indicating only a trace of ionization.
This is ten times higher than the value assigned to commercial benzene (C6H6), and a hundred times higher than the value for commercial toluene.
It consists of twobenzene or phenyl radicals united.
The most important is a colorless, volatile, inflammable liquid, found in petroleum, and a constituent of benzene or ligroin.
In general they are diazo and sulphonic acid derivatives ofbenzene and naphthol.
The effects of the vapour of benzene have been studied by Eulenberg in experiments on cats and rabbits, and there are also available observations on men[142] who have been accidentally exposed to its influence.
If the upper benzene layer is fully gelatinous and emulsive, the under layer of water is to be removed with a pipette as far as possible, and the benzene with a few drops of absolute alcohol and filtration.
According to Thorey,[510] hyoscyamine crystallises out of chloroform in rhombic tables, and out of benzene in fine needles; but out of ether or amyl alcohol it remains amorphous.
The best method is to extract a solution, made feebly alkaline, thoroughly by ether, and then shake it out by benzene and evaporate the separatedbenzene at the ordinary air temperature.
The nitro-benzene may itself be identified by collecting it on a wet filter, dissolving it off the filter by alcohol, acidifying the alcoholic solution by hydrochloric acid, and then boiling it for some time with metallic zinc.
The next morning, from 8 ounces of urine some nitro-benzene was extracted by shaking with chloroform.
From these sources of information, it is evident that the vapour of benzene has a distinctly narcotic effect, while influencing also in a marked degree the spinal cord.
If you refer back to the diagram of the benzene ring which I gave in the last chapter, you will see that there are six hydrogen atoms attached to it.
On an earlier page I explained how by starting with the simplest of ring-compounds, the benzene of coal tar, we could get aniline.
But when three acetylene molecules join to form a ring of six carbon atoms we get compounds of the benzeneseries such as were described in the chapter on the coal-tar colors.
First he takes down the bottle of benzene and boils up some of this with nitric acid and sulfuric acid.
If you are after the greatest yield of tar products, you impoverish the gas by taking out the benzene and get a blue instead of a bright yellow flame.
And if these failed to save the princely patient he was embalmed in aromatics or, as we now call them, antiseptics of the benzene series.
We need not suppose that the benzene molecule if we could see it would look anything like this diagram of it, but the theory works and that is all the scientist asks of any theory.
It is possible to increase the inflammability of alcohol by mixing with it some hydrocarbon such as gasoline, benzene or acetylene.
The ten primary products or crudes are then converted into secondary products or "intermediates" by processes like that for the conversion of benzene into aniline.
Now one of the men who was worried over this benzene puzzle was the German chemist, Kekulé.
Kekulé tells how he discovered the constitution of benzene in the Berichte der Deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, V.
In Chapter IV I explained that the anilin dyes are built up upon the benzene ring of six carbon atoms.
So in the case of aromatic compounds, a little difference in the seating arrangement around the benzene ring changes the character.
So far the chemist found it east to construct diagrams that would satisfy his sense of the fitness of things, but when he found that benzene had the compostion C{6}H{6} he was puzzled.
In fact the only processes for diluting acetylene which possess real utility are that of adding vaporised petroleum spirit or benzene to the gas, as was described in Chapter X.
But if the temperature should rise much above the point at which benzene is the most conspicuous product of polymerisation, other far more complicated changes occur, and harmful effects may be produced in two separate ways.
It is well known that many hydrocarbon vapours, such as the vapour of benzene or of naphthalene, have a highly toxic action on low organisms, and the destructive effect of acetylene on phylloxera may be akin to this action.
It is not quite certain who first discovered in the coal-naphtha the presence of benzene (q.
Perkin, in 1856, discovered the first aniline colour which suddenly created a demand for benzene and its homologues.
Benzene diazonium chloride is decomposed by silver oxide in aqueous solution, with the formation of benzene diazonium hydroxide, C6H5.
The bromide may be prepared by the addition of bromine to an ethereal solution of diazo-amino-benzene (tribromaniline remaining in solution).
Potassium benzene iso-diazotate resembles the normal salt, but is more stable, and is more highly ionized.
Benzene diazonium hydroxide, although a strong base, reacts with the alkaline hydroxides to form salts with the evolution of heat, and generally behaves as a weak acid.
Carius showed that potassium chlorate and sulphuric acid oxidized benzene to trichlor-phenomalic acid, a substance afterwards investigated by Kekule and O.
COOH, under the influence of sunlight, gives benzene tricarboxylic acid.
One or two benzene nuclei may suffer condensation with the furfurane, thiophene and pyrrol rings, the common carbon atoms being vicinal to the hetero-atom.
Strong oxidation breaks the benzene complex into such compounds as carbon dioxide, oxalic acid, formic acid, &c.
Configuration of the Benzene Complex); the condensation of acetone dicarboxylic ester with malonic ester to form triketohexamethylene dicarboxylic ester (E.
Although Kekule founded his famous benzene formula in 1865 on the assumptions that the six hydrogen atoms in benzene are equivalent and that the molecule is symmetrical, i.
It may also be made from benzene without converting it into phenol thus: The benzene is chlorinated and gives chlorbenzene.
Defn: A white, crystalline benzene derivative, C8H10O2, obtained by the reduction of phlorone.
See also the formula of Benzene nucleus, under Benzene.
Defn: A hypothetical compound, C2H2N4 which may be regarded as benzenewith four CH groups replaced by nitrogen atoms; also, any of various derivatives of the same.
Defn: A double benzene and thiophene nucleus, C8H6S, analogous to naphthalene, and like it the base of a large series of derivatives.
Every drop of benzene added reduces the specific gravity of the mixture, which can thus easily be made to range between that of chrysolite and that of opal.
The method is, moreover, extremely sensitive; a mere drop of benzene added to a considerable volume of the liquid is sufficient to send to the bottom a stone which was previously floating.
The benzene readily evaporates spontaneously from the methylene iodide, and the water can be driven off from the diluted thallium silver nitrate by boiling.
Berthelot by passing acetylene and benzenevapor through a tube heated to redness.
These syntheses afford another instance of the singular action of aluminum chloride in attacking the benzene nucleus.
Benzene itself is also powerfully attacked by the peroxide when shaken with a dilute solution in presence of iron salts.
By the combined action of the benzene and starch, and the friction applied, the feathers are not only cleaned, but the flues completely opened, so that the feather thus treated looks perfectly like new.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "benzene" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
