The whole mass dissolves on heating, and theanthracene crystallizes out on cooling.
The crystallized anthracene is then removed by a centrifugal separator and the process of solution in the pyridine bases is repeated.
Many synthetical processes for the preparation of anthracene and its derivatives are known.
It is prepared commercially from anthracene by stirring a sludge of anthracene and water in horizontal cylinders with a mixture of sodium bichromate and caustic soda.
Numerous sulphonic acids of anthracene are known, a monosulphonic acid being obtained with dilute sulphuric acid, whilst concentrated sulphuric acid produces mixtures of the anthracene disulphonic acids.
Finally the anthracene is purified by sublimation.
After this treatment, the mixture is run into lead-lined vats and treated with sulphuric acid, steam is blown through the mixture in order to bring it to the boil, and the anthracene is rapidly oxidized to anthraquinone.
COC6H5 \CH / Anthracene crystallizes in colourless monoclinic tables which show a fine blue fluorescence.
The crude anthracene cake is purified by treatment with the higher pyridine bases, the operation being carried out in large steam-jacketed boilers.
The Artificial Mordant Colours are well represented by alizarin, the colouring matter of the madder root, which was the first natural dyestuff prepared artificially from the coal-tar productanthracene (1868).
The industrial isolation ofAnthracene and its conversion into Colouring-matters, 171.
The anthracene derivative is in this process built up synthetically.
The actual amount ofanthracene contained in coal-tar corresponds to about 1/2 lb.
Similarly there is a coal-tar base known as acridine, which is found associated with the anthracene, and which is related to quinoline in the same way that anthracene is related to naphthalene.
The magnitude of the industry will be gathered from the estimate that the whole quantity of anthracene annually made into alizarin corresponds to a daily production of about 65 tons of 10 per cent.
Anthracene discovered in coal-tar by Dumas and Laurent.
Seeing therefore that the raw material anthracene was at one time a waste product, and that the quantity of alizarin produced in the factory corresponds to nearly five pounds of 20 per cent.
The industrial history of anthracene is thus summarized.
The utilization of the next fraction, anthracene oil, is one of the greatest triumphs which applied chemical science can lay claim to since the foundation of the coal-tar colour industry.
Owing to the great value of alizarin and the large quantity of this colouring-matter annually consumed, anthracene is now by far the most important of the coal-tar hydrocarbons.
Alizarin, purpurin, and the other colouring-matters of madder are hydroxyl derivatives of a compound derived from anthracene by the replacement of two atoms of hydrogen by two atoms of oxygen.
With this exception no other quinone derivative is used in the colour industry till we come to the hydrocarbons of the anthracene oil.
The next members are the isomers anthracene and phenanthrene, C14H10, formed from three benzene nuclei.
In order to synthesize alizarin, they converted anthracene into anthraquinone and then brominated the quinone.
In practice, the crude anthracene is purified by solution in the higher pyridine bases, after which treatment it is frequently sublimed.
Similarly anthraceneis used in the preparation of the dye alizarin, which was formerly obtained from the madder root.
This is carefully purified by distillation and chemical treatment to separate the anthracene from the other substances occurring with it, and the product obtained is finally purified by crystallization.
The last of the great discoveries in that line was the preparation of alizarine from anthracene by C.
The naphtha removes mostly only the phenanthrene, but the carbazol can be removed only by pyridine, or by subliming or distilling the anthracene over caustic potash.
Hard pitch is also always made where as much anthracene as possible is to be obtained.
Much of this creosote oil is obtained by mixing that which has resulted in the direct distillation of the tar with the liquid portion of the anthracene oils after separating the crudeanthracene (see below).
The crude anthracene is separated from the mother oils by filter presses, followed by centrifugals or by hot hydraulic presses.
If carried too far, not merely is coke formed, but the pitch is porous and almost useless, and the anthracene oil is contaminated with high-boiling hydrocarbons which may render it almost worthless as well.
The whole of the anthracene is sold for the manufacture of artificial alizarine.
The Naphthol Blacks will also be found useful in the same way, while the greys from Anthracene Chrome Blacks and the Alizarine blacks are very good and fast.
Some are coloured bodies, such as fustic, logwood, Persian berries, Anthracene yellow, etc.
Anthracene Yellow C; work at the boil for one hour, lift, wash, and dry.
Anthracene Blue W G gives slightly greener shades than the W B brand, while the W R blue gives redder shades.
This pure anthracene exhibits the phenomenon of fluorescence, that is, it not only looks white, but when the light falls on it, it seems to reflect a delicate violet or blue light.
A deeper brown still ifAnthracene brown, or a mixture of Anthracene brown and Alizarine blue, be used.
Rosin Oil, Anthracene Oil, Making Greases, Testing and Analysis of Greases.
Anthracene was obtained from alizarine, and, after much labour, alizarine was prepared from anthracene.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "anthracene" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
