Amongst the Odd-toed Ungulates the most important are the Rhinoceroses, of which three species are known to have existed in Europe during the Post-Pliocene period.
South American Santa Cruz ungulates are so distinct from those of other countries that this seems unlikely.
These animals are, in fact, descendants of the small ancestral ungulates which have retained all the primitive characters of the latter accompanied by a huge increase in bodily size.
In the basal Eocene of North America the Amblypoda were represented by extremely primitive, five-toed, small ungulates such as Periptychus and Pantolambda, each of these typifying a family.
Defn: Any one of several species of large odd-toed ungulates belonging to Tapirus, Elasmognathus, and allied genera.
Defn: An extinct genus of large Eocene ungulates allied to Dinoceras.
Defn: A tribe of ungulates which includes the horse, ass, and related species, constituting the family Equidæ.
In the pouched Mammals (Monotremes and Marsupials) inguinal mammae are found, and so they are in most Ungulates as well as in the Cetacea.
But with the exception of the peculiar muzzle of the Saiga (or European antelope), the only known proboscidian Ungulates are the elephants and tapirs, and to neither of these has the pig any close affinity.
It would seem, therefore, that some of these other Ungulates ought to have developed in a similar manner as to the neck, under pain of being starved, when the long neck of the giraffe was in its incipient stage.
The typical caecum of the Ungulatesis shown in Fig.
Other mammalian orders, however, also furnish representatives of this type of caecal apparatus, the conditions as regards character and quantity of food habitually taken corresponding to those encountered among the Ungulates and Rodents.
Accordingly we find the group composed in main of the majority of the Ungulates and Rodents (with the exception of Myoxus), forms in which the diet under natural conditions is purely herbivorous.
The pouch of the Ungulates and Rodents, taking these forms as the typical representatives of the entire group, is usually of very large size compared with the rest of the alimentary canal.
The proximal segment of the colon is looped and coiled, resembling the spiral colon of the Ungulates and Rodents.
In the ungulates the limbs are simply required to perform the movements of walking, and form veritable columns of support, which become the more solid as they are less divided.
In the ungulates the terminal extremity of the limb is, as we have above pointed out, enclosed in a horny envelope which is no other than the hoof.
The Ungulates are all herbivorous, and have their molar teeth fitted for grinding, the canines being absent or small.
Among the Ungulates the reduction in the number of digits is especially noticeable; the forefoot of a pig has four digits, that of the cow two, and that of the horse one.
But, so far as we know, the first Ungulates made their appearance upon earth quite as soon as did any other mammals from which they could possibly have sprung.
Animal Introductions Non-predatory Animals Man has taken ungulates with him to many islands.
A most noteworthy example of destruction by ungulates occurred on Guadalupe Island off the coast of Baja California.
Preventing the introduction of ungulates seems more likely to be successful, especially if the islands lie within a National Wildlife Refuge.
In theUngulates the moderator band in the right ventricle is especially well developed, and the central fibrous body at the base of the heart is often ossified, forming the os cordis so well known in the heart of the ox.
Of course chigoes may attack domestic Ungulates of all kinds; but no other members of the family Pulicidæ or typical fleas except those two above mentioned have been found on hoofed mammals.
With certain exceptions, Ungulatesare remarkably free from fleas.
The oldest Ungulates for the most part, and the Creodonts to which they are undoubtedly related, have much bent limbs.
Agriochoerus, like Oreodon and primitive Ungulatesin general, had a long tail.
Nor on the other hand can all Ungulates which show the Perissodactyle condition be safely included in the present group.
In Icochilus both hand and foot were five-toed, and, as in ancient Ungulates generally, the bones of the wrist and of the ankle are serially and not alternately arranged.
On the {233} other hand they differ from most Ungulates in the incisors growing from persistent pulps, a point in which they resemble the Rodentia.
These Ungulates derive their name, which is that given by the late Sir Richard Owen, from the fact that the middle digit of the hand and foot is pre-eminent.
Indeed the feet of the latter when first discovered were erroneously, as it now appears, referred to the present order of Ungulates under the name of Artionyx.
The Artiodactyle or "Even-toed" Ungulatesare to be distinguished from the Perissodactyla, and from other Ungulate groups, by a number of trenchant characters.
Of existing Ungulates there are no clear indications of the descent of the Elephants or of the Hyracoidea.
He has pointed out that in some ancient Ungulates the carpus is not serial but interlocking, even in forms which belong to the earliest Eocene groups, such as the genus Protolambda among the Amblypoda.
Cope placed them in a special order of Ungulates which he called Litopterna.
It may be noticed that among Ungulates there is a tendency to lose hair, particularly among more or less aquatic forms.
The Lemurs agree with the Ungulates in having a non-deciduate placenta.
The relationship of Meniscotherium to modern ungulates is only one of parallel dental development.
These primitive ungulates were diverse in both size and appearance.
It is probable that later modern ungulates (Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla) evolved from the Condylarthra; however, there are no surviving members of this group.
From this summary review of the evolution of the Ungulates we must now pass to an even briefer account of the evolution of the Carnivores.
In one group of these primitive Ungulatesthe main axis of the limb, or the stress of the weight, passes through the middle toe.
The camel seems to be traceable to a group of primitive North American Ungulates (Paebrotherium, etc.
The rest of the Ungulates continued to develop through the Tertiary, and fortunately we are enabled to follow the development of two of the most interesting of them, the horse and the elephant, in considerable detail.
This indicates the line of development of the Ungulates (hoofed animals) in the struggle of the Tertiary Era.
The brain resembles that of typicalungulates far more than that of rodents.
The members of this genus were small or medium-sized ungulates with single-rooted incisors.
Like most of the early mammals, these ungulates had forty-four teeth, the molars with short crowns and quite distinct in form from the premolars.
The remains of these curious Ungulates have been found in beds of late Tertiary age in South America.
As far as is known the skull of these generalised Ungulates is depressed, and is frequently marked by a strong sagittal crest.
An extinct genus of large Eocene ungulates allied to Dinoceras.
The great autochthonous forms shared the extinction of the big creatures of the immigrant fauna; for under stress of competition with the newcomers, the ancient ungulates and edentates had developed giants of their own.
Aside from marsupials and New World monkeys, its most characteristic animals were edentates and very queer ungulates with no resemblance to those of any other continent.
The earliest fossil remains of them were found in the latest Triassic strata--lower jaws of small ungulates and marsupials.
Since it is impossible to have living ungulatesin the laboratory, this study should be supplemented by trips to a museum and to a zoological garden.
Per is so dac' tyl#, ungulates with an odd number of toes.
Strange and peculiar ungulates to be seen in museums and zoological gardens.
Perissodactyl, a division of ungulates with an odd number of toes.
Artiodactyl, a division of ungulates with an even number of toes.
Classification of ungulatesbased upon number of toes, kind of horns, "chewing the cud," etc.
The feet of the existing horse shows the best example of this reduction in the Perissodactyls, as it is the most specialized known in the Ungulates [Fig.
But if we examine the skeletons of any ungulatesfrom the lower Eocene deposits, we find that in no case is there any such arrangement to secure interlocking.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "ungulates" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
