The condition was first recognized by Dr Thomas Addison of Guy's Hospital, who in 1855 published an important work on The Constitutional and Local Effects of Diseases of the Suprarenal Capsules.
The most interesting features of my sections of the anterior bodies are the relations they bring to light between the sympathetic ganglia and the suprarenal bodies.
In the mean time, however, it appears to me better to wait before expressing a definite opinion till the embryonic development of the suprarenal bodies has been worked out in the higher Vertebrata.
The interrenal body appears to be developed from the mesoblast; while my researches on the suprarenal bodies confirm the brilliant investigations of Leydig, shewing that they are formed out of the sympathetic ganglia.
The question naturally arises as to whether there are cells of an intermediate character between the ganglion cells and the cells of the suprarenal body.
Section through part of one of the suprarenal bodies of an adult Scyllium hardened in chromic acid.
At the large end of the body, where there are few nerve cells, the typical suprarenal structure is more or less retained.
The suprarenal bodies are often partially or completely surrounded by a lymphoid tissue, which is alluded to in the account of their development.
The suprarenal tissue is not inserted, but fills up the whole space within the outline of the body.
A transverse section through the suprarenalbody in front of, or behind this point, is still more instructive.
The protoplasm of both has a markedly yellow tinge, giving to the suprarenal bodies a yellowish brown colour.
Transverse section through the anterior suprarenal body of an adult Scyllium.
Less directly the cephalic portions of the right and left kidney and the corresponding suprarenal capsules belong to this visceral group.
A small cephalic part of ventral surface of right suprarenal capsule lies above this line of reflection, is hence non-peritoneal and firmly connected with the liver just to the left of entrance of vena cava into the caval fissure.
The former constitutes the sympathetic ganglia of the adult; the latter the true paired suprarenal bodies.
The mesoblastic constituent appears to form the cortical part of the adult suprarenal body, and the nervous constituent the medullary part.
In front it overlaps the paired suprarenal bodies, but does not unite with them.
The development of the suprarenalbodies in the Amniota has been most fully studied by Braun (No.
As shewn in the sequel both of these structures probably unite in the higher types to form the suprarenal bodies.
In the Amniota these bodies unite to form the compound suprarenal bodies, the two constituents of which remain, however, distinct in their development.
The later history of the sympathetic ganglia is intimately bound up with that of the so-called suprarenal bodies, which are dealt with in another chapter.
In Elasmobranch Fishes two distinct sets of structures are found, both of which have been calledsuprarenal bodies.
Cases of enlargement, of fibroid, fatty, and gelatinous degenerations of the suprarenal capsules, have been recorded.
This is a rare affection, described by Addison, an English physician, some fifty years ago, which develops in individuals whose suprarenal capsules are degenerated.
The suprarenal capsules are little bodies of half-moon shape which lie above the kidneys.
Some interesting observations have been made by Zander on the connection between the development of the nervous system and the suprarenal glands.
The suprarenal capsules also bear a relation to general trophism and particularly to the pigmentation of the skin.
Suprarenal extract, when administered, has a vaso-constricting influence, and thyroid extract a vasodilating influence; it may be surmised that within the body these glands perform similar functions.
When animals are castrated there is enlargement of the ductless glands in the body, notably the thyroid and the suprarenal capsules.
The suprarenal capsules readily decompose, but if the autopsy is not made too late hypertrophy, tuberculosis, tumors, and degeneration in them may be recognized.
Drawing the intestines aside we cut through the peritoneum over the kidneys, and introducing our left hand we grasp the organs with their suprarenal capsules attached.
A cause for low suprarenal function is to be found in the apathy of the stupor case.
The suprarenal glands may function insufficiently as a consequence of the emotional poverty, since all emotions which have been experimentally studied seem to stimulate the production of adrenalin.
The colloid metamorphosis of cells is also to be found in the epithelium of mucous membranes and their glands, in the prostate, suprarenal capsule, sebaceous glands of the skin, and in the cells of certain tumors.
The tissue of the suprarenal body has not been filled in, but only the sympathetic ganglion cells which are seen to be irregularly scattered through the substance of the body.
And again, each of the glands of internal secretion plays a part, but most importantly the thyroid, the suprarenalcortex and the interstitial sex glands.
The point is that the active principle of the suprarenal gland is on the market under various trade names, and that a name common to all has been selected to be used when no particular brand is referred to.
There are thirty or more different brands of the blood-pressure-raising principle of the suprarenal gland on the market, five being in this country alone.
In emotions of various kinds a reflex action is sent to the suprarenal glands which causes a pouring into the blood of adrenin.
Above the kidney there are also glands called the suprarenal which excrete a substance known as adrenin.
The carotid gland is, according to him, the foremost of the suprarenal masses in the Elasmobranchs, viz.
The right kidney was situated normally, and received from the aorta two arteries, whose volume did not surpass the two arteries supplying the left suprarenal capsule, which was in its ordinary place.
Postmortem examinations of leukodermic persons show no change in the suprarenal capsule, a supposed organ of pigmentation.
The renal vessels were generally absent, as also the ureter, on the abnormal side (the latter in all except 15 cases); the suprarenal was missing in 31 cases.
The suprarenal capsules are two little bodies, one perched on the top of each kidney, in shape not unlike that of a conical hat.
Is not the same thing true of the thymus gland, and the suprarenal capsules?
Many subjects have been left out; among them, the work of the last few years on the suprarenal glands and adrenalin, and Dr.
Strychnia, alcohol in moderate amounts and suprarenal extract could all be used to advantage in restoring the circulation, especially late in the poisoning.
Although the rise of pressure is not so great from transfusion as from suprarenal extract in large doses, it is more permanent.
Suprarenal extract should also be given hypodermatically, as it will restore the blood pressure more nearly to normal than any other drug, according to our experiments.
Experimental work has also demonstrated the functions of the suprarenal glands and explained the symptoms of Addison's disease, and chemists have even succeeded in making synthetically the active principle adrenalin.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "suprarenal" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
