In all these cases the "empty words," after first losing every trace of their original significance, have followed the general analogy of the language and assumed the form and functions of the suffixes with which they had been confused.
Many of the classificatory and some of the flexional suffixes of Indo-European speech can be shown to have had this origin.
New tenses and moods, however, were created by the aid of suffixes as well as by the aid of composition, or rather were formed from nouns whose stems terminated in the suffixes in question.
The attachment of the first and second personal pronouns, or of suffixes resembling them, to certain stems, was the first stage in the development of the latter.
Gradually this vagueness of signification disappeared, and particular suffixescame to be set apart to represent particular relations of grammar.
In the first case we have what are termed roots, the simplest elements into which words can be decomposed; in the second case stems proper, which may be described as consisting of suffixes attached to roots.
What had hitherto been expressed by mere position now attached itself to the terminations or suffixes of stems, which accordingly became full-grown words.
The terminations of the strong cases do not displace the accent of the stem to which they are suffixed; the suffixes of the weak cases, on the other hand, generally draw the accent upon themselves.
These suffixes were probably at first unmeaning, or rather clothed with vague significations, which changed according to the place occupied in the sentence by the stem to which they were joined.
Various cases, such as the locative, the dative or the instrumental, are employed in Vedic Sanskrit in the sense of the infinitive, besides the bare stem or neuter formed by the suffixes man and van.
If we would rightly understand primitive Indo-European grammar, we must conceive it as having been expressed or implied in the suffixes of the stems, and in the order according to which the stems were arranged in a sentence.
It may be shown that most of the suffixes of the Indo-European dual are the longer and more primitive forms of those of the plural which have grown out of them by the help of phonetic decay.
The latter instance shows us how two or more suffixes denoting exactly the same idea may be tacked on one to another, if the original force and signification of the first of them comes to be forgotten.
Their case suffixes seem to be later formations, though we find, t, tl or k for the plural and traces of l as a local suffix.
The vowel-harmony is found only in the Dorpat dialect and there imperfectly, the pronominal affixes are not used, and the negative has become an unvarying particle, though in Vepsish and Votish it takes suffixes as in Finnish.
In detail, however, the verbal suffixesshow analogies to those of Finno-Ugrian.
Others were made by hitching suffixes to nouns, /e.
A past conditional is also formed by adding similar suffixes to the present participle, as in maritah^u, (if) I had struck.
The past tense (of which the conjugation for a Maithili transitive verb is given above) is formed by adding pronominal suffixes to the past participle.
In the case of intransitive verbs, the suffixesmay represent the nominative and not the instrumental case of the pronoun, and hence the conjugation is somewhat different.
A knowledge of the most important suffixes will often help you to the correct meaning of a Latin word, the root of which is familiar to you.
But this number is indiscriminate, and leaves the sense vague, until the pronominal suffixes are superadded.
These pronouns are exclusively employed as suffixes,--and as suffixes to the descriptive compound substantives, adjectives and verbs.
All common English prefixes and suffixes are kept undivided, even if the pronunciation would seem to require division.
Law: Words derived from other words by the addition of prefixes or suffixesalways retain the original form as far as possible.
Greek or Latin, consisting largely of stems with variable terminations or suffixes which were once independent words.
To derive by grammatical rules, as by adding the proper suffixes and affixes.
A large proportion of such names can be distinguished by certain prefixes or suffixes attached to them.
Personal names of respectable women, belonging to the middle and lower classes, are nearly always dissyllables--except in cases where the name is lengthened by certain curious suffixes which I shall speak of further on.
The suffixes -meme and -ngo are added to neuter verbs.
The adverbs of manner are often replaced by noun suffixes attached to the verb, with the final i.
The auxiliary verbs, except ga, may perhaps be included among the suffixes (see p.
All the postpositions are used as suffixes to the words which they govern.
Grierson's article "On Certain Suffixes in the Modern Indo-Aryan Vernaculars," on pp.
Various tenses are formed by adding personal suffixes to the present, past or future passive participle.
Empty words may lose their independence, may suffer phonetic decay, and dwindle down to mere suffixes and terminations.
The suffixes are very numerous, and it is by them that the Aryan languages have been able to make their limited number of roots supply the vast materials of their dictionary.
Full words also may lose their independence, and be attacked by the same disease that had destroyed the original features of suffixes and prefixes.
We find it as +yudh+ used in the Veda either as a nominal or as a verbal base, according to suffixes by which it is followed.
In Latin, as in English, adjectives are compared by adding suffixes or by using adverbs.
They are weakened as in I E languages, and suffixes which raise I E vowels raise i and u to a.
Both are living suffixes extremely frequent and having the same force in Dak.
The pronouns, prepositions and suffixes herein given seem to indicate that the Dakotas did not separate from the Teutonic family till long after the latter separated from the South European family.
Defn: To derive by grammatical rules, as by adding the proper suffixes and affixes.
I will now give a few examples of undoubted survival of these Anglo-Saxon compounds, showing how the suffixeshave been corrupted and simplified.
In addition to the suffixes and diminutives already mentioned, we have the two rather puzzling endings -man and -cock.
The declensional suffixes or postpositions, which, just like our prepositions, may be added to one another, are postponed to the article when the noun is definite.
Of these suffixes some are joined to the definite, others to the indefinite noun, or even to both.
As of the Saxons, so of the Danes, the most permanent record of their influence on London and the Danish district of England was in their suffixes to words which still survive.
We also form many adverbs by the addition of suffixes to other words.
The list for Thursday, Friday and Saturday consists of verbs from which abstract nouns can be made by the addition of the suffixes ment and ing.
Words of more than one syllable ending in y preceded by a consonant, change y into i before all suffixes except those beginning with i.
This exception is made for suffixes beginning with i, the most common of which is ing, to avoid having a confusing number of i's.
The following suffixes are Scandinavian in origin, some of them being also used independently: -beck (O.
Note:--The role of augmentative and diminutivesuffixes in English is vastly less important than in Italian.
In the following chart the suffixes are constant while the root varies.
The importance attached tosuffixes denoting inflexions tends to prove this.
Suffixes to verbs: There are certain terminations which, when added to neuter verbs or to verbs active only in a general way, make them definitely transitive or determine their action upon some object.
Nouns to which possessive suffixes may be added: Certain nouns take the suffixed pronoun denoting the possessor.
With either class of suffixes there is no difference in meaning between one suffix and another.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "suffixes" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
