Defn: A name given by Lestiboudois to dicotyledons; -- so called because the plumule is naked.
A little leaf bud, as theplumule between the cotyledons.
This plumule is conspicuous in gallinaceous birds--for instance, the Pheasants (Fig.
This plumule seldom exists among aquatic birds, but in gallinaceous fowls it attains the length of two-thirds of the feather, and in the Emu and Cassowary it equals it in length.
A name given by Lestiboudois to dicotyledons; -- so called because the plumule is naked.
A little leaf bud, as the plumule between the cotyledons.
Embryo thick and fleshy, "with a large concealed cavity at the summit, the plumulecurved in a groove on the outside.
Embryo like that of Nymphaea on a large scale; cotyledons thick and fleshy, enclosing a plumule of 1 or 2 well-formed young leaves, enclosed in a delicate stipule-like sheath.
Embryo with a single cotyledon, and the leaves of the plumule alternate.
Embryo ovoid, with a short and pointed plumule from the upper end, by the side of the short cotyledon.
Cotyledons very thick and fleshy, their contiguous faces coherent, remaining under ground in germination; plumule 2-leaved; radicle curved.
Footnote 2: The plumule is sometimes visible in the embryo of the Sunflower.
There is a line down the middle, and, if we carefully bend back the edges of the cotyledon, it splits along this line, showing the plumule and caulicle within.
The plumule consists of successive layers of rudimentary leaves, the outer enclosing the rest (Fig.
It is because there is so much food stored in the first two that the plumule can develop before a root is formed, while in the others there is only nourishment sufficient to enable the plantlet to form its roots.
This completely surrounds the plumule and furnishes it with food from the albumen.
Also the questions have brought out the fact that the Bean and Pea have the plumule ready formed in the seed, while the Morning-Glory and Sunflower have not.
From between the cotyledons the budlike plumule or epicotyl grows upward, forming the first true leaves and all of the stem above the cotyledons.
Careful inspection shows the hypocotyl and plumule (the latter pointing toward the free end of the grain) and a part surrounding them, the single cotyledon (see Figure).
It would appear therefore that the cotyledon answers to a minute leaf rolled up, and that a chink through which the plumule grows out is a part of the inrolled edges.
It is the little plumule or bud between them which makes the upward growth, and which, being well fed by the cotyledons, rapidly develops the next pair of leaves and raises them upon a long internode, and so on.
Nothing would be gained by elevating them, as they never grow out into efficient leaves; but the joint of stem belonging to the plumule lengthens well, carrying up its pair of real foliage-leaves.
Same germinating: caulicle well lengthened and root beginning; thick cotyledons partly spreading; and plumule (pair of leaves) growing between them.
Beginning germination of the Beech, showing the plumule growing before the cotyledons have opened or the root has scarcely formed.
In germination the first leaf of the plumule develops only as a sort of sheath, protecting the tender parts within; the second and the third form the first foliage.
For they are thickened to the utmost, even into hemispheres; the caulicle does not lengthen at all; merely sends out roots from the lower end, and develops its strong plumule from the upper, the seed remaining unmoved underground.
Similar section through a seed turned edgewise, showing the thickness of the cotyledons, and the minute plumule between them, i.
Same, older, with plumuledeveloped into internode and pair of leaves.
The larger part of it is the cotyledon, thickish, its edges involute, and its back in contact with the albumen; partly enclosed by it is the well-developed plumule or bud which is to grow.
Seedling of same, showing the freshly expanded six cotyledons in a whorl, and the plumule just appearing.
In germination the whole lengthens (but mainly the cotyledon) only enough to push the proximate end fairly out of the seed; from this end the root is formed, and from a little higher the plumule later emerges.
So it is the stem-portion of the plumule which is at first conspicuous and strong-growing.
Same opened out, to show the thick cotyledons and the little plumule or bud between them.
In the case of monocotyledons the plumule or cotyledon is rarely arched, as far as we have seen; but this is the case with the leaf-like cotyledon of the onion; and the crown of the arch is here strengthened by a special protuberance.
In the case of Megarrhiza, it is the plumule which breaks as an arch through the tube formed by the confluence of the cotyledon-petioles.
This proves that the plumule has an innate or spontaneous tendency to arch itself.
For instance, the plumule of Tropaeolum majus (see former Fig.
Here then the arching of the plumule plays the same part as in the case of the petioles of the Delphinium.
The plumule is straight; and this was the first instance observed [page 59] by us of the part that first breaks through the ground not being arched.
A seedling with the plumule projecting one inch above the ground was observed, but not under fair conditions, as it was brought out of the hot-house and kept in a room not sufficiently warm.
When the cotyledons are hypogean, that is, remain buried in the soil, the hypocotyl is hardly developed, and the epicotyl or plumule rises in like manner as an arch through the ground.
For instance, with the common bean, the epicotyl or plumule is bowed into an arch whilst breaking through the seed-coats, as shown in Fig.
The tip of a straight plumule or cotyledon (for we do not know which it should be called) was found at a depth of .
By removing the soil a buried epicotyl or plumulewas found, with its summit arched abruptly downwards, like the arched hypocotyl of the cabbage previously described.
There can therefore hardly be a doubt that the plumule circumnutates, whilst buried beneath the ground, as much as the pressure of the surrounding earth will permit.
By the following morning the upper part of the plumule had arched itself into a right angle, and the convex side or elbow had thus been forced out through the slit.
The cotyledons and the plumule being formed, the plant undergoes a remarkable change.
Out of this the thick stem has issued; and we find that it is only the cotyledon of the seed, that has prolonged its base in the process of germination, in order to throw up, clear of the nut, the plumule and radicle.
The axis, which is differentiated into the plumule directed upward and the radicle downward, is small and straight and it is covered more or less by the edges of the scutellum.
Pileole another name for germ-sheath, or the sheath covering the plumule in the grain, 18.
Germ-sheath a sheath enclosing the bud or the plumule in a grain, 18.
Plumage full and soft; feathers with the plumule much developed.
Plumage full and strong; feathers with theplumule much developed.
Plumage full, the feathers with a very largeplumule and short tube; those of the hind part of the back much developed.
Within the cotyledons the primordial leaves are seen, constituting the plumule or first bud of the plant.
The plumule emerges at the upper end of the grain, and the embryo has 5-6 secondary roots.
The plumule either pushes out from the same end of the caryopsis as the root (e.
The germ-sheath grows vertically upwards, its stiff apex pushing through the soil, while the plumuleis hidden in its hollow interior.
Finally the plumule escapes, its leaves successively breaking through at the tip of the germ-sheath.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "plumule" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word. Other words: bud; crest; feather; hackle; panache; pinion; plume; quill; topknot; tuft
