Wright also showed that opsonins are just as specific as agglutinins are--that is, a micrococcus opsonin prepares micrococci only for phagocytosis and not streptococci or any other bacteria.
In general it appears from experiments in vitro that, with the strength of antiseptics commonly used in surgery, mercury salts and hypochlorites have relatively little effect on phagocytosis as compared with phenol (Parry Morgan).
Bond with the strength of antiseptics commonly used in surgery, it has been found that Chlorine antiseptics and mercury salts have little effect on phagocytosis in comparison with other germicides.
There are two conditions, under normal circumstances, in which phagocytosis plays a marked part.
A classic experiment illustrating this operation is now common in our laboratories, and the fact of phagocytosis has come to be regarded as incontestable.
When the foreign body has been disaggregated into fragments, into small enough grains, phagocytosis intervenes and disposes of the remains.
That phagocytosis plays an important part in the body's resistance to bacterial invasion has long been recognized.
They appear to be more or less specific, a separate opsonin being necessary for phagocytosis of each species of bacteria.
Many years later, when phagocytosis was generally admitted, even in Germany, Professor Koch and many other German scientists welcomed Metchnikoff very kindly, which somewhat counterbalanced the unpleasantness of early memories.
He therefore chose that for his researches and ascertained that phagocytosis varied with the virulence of the microbes; thus, while phagocytes did not attack virulent bacteria, they attacked and rapidly digested attenuated bacteria.
And yet, until then, the theory of phagocytosis as a curative force of the organism was but a hypothesis, for he had not yet observed spontaneous phagocytosis in diseases and did not know pathogenic microbes.
Yet he still had time to make some researches on phagocytosis in tuberculosis, in reply to the objections which rained upon his theory.
Thus he established the fact that phagocytosis and inflammation are curative means employed by the organism.
The part played by phagocytosis was becoming more and more evident and the question was ripening in France and in England, but in Germany it still met with great opposition.
The polemics concerning phagocytosismight have killed or finally enfeebled me much earlier.
Thus experiments seemed to plead in favour of the view that the part played by phagocytosis is not limited to the struggle against microbes, but also extends to the defence against poisons and toxins.
Moreover, he observed a very activephagocytosis in refractory animals and the reverse in sensitive ones.
He approached it by a comparative examination of the reaction of the organism of vaccinated rabbits and of non-vaccinated ones, and ascertained that an active phagocytosis was only manifested in a previously vaccinated organism.
And the resistance of the animal is in visible correlation with the degree of phagocytosis which is manifested by it.
Contrary to the findings in patients who died, distinct phagocytosis was noticed in the smears made from the aspirated liquid in those patients who recovered and who had been treated with serum soon after the onset of the disease.
Phagocytosis of plague bacilli in the bubo was noticed only in patients who recovered after being vigorously treated with curative serum.
So far it has been shown that the best defence of the body is, as is the best defence in war, by offensive measures, as illustrated by phagocytosis and destruction by the serum.
Large numbers of leucocytes which give protection by phagocytosis are constantly passing to the surface, and there is also a constant stream of fluid towards the surface.
It was even denied by some that phagocytosis of living bacteria took place, and that all those included in the cells were dead, having been destroyed in the first instance by the serum.
With a chronic inflammation there is sooner a tendency to the production of fibrous tissue (and thus the firmer attachment of the necrosed portions) rather than an active phagocytosis and the casting-off of a slough.
It has, moreover, been noticed that even in cases where phagocytosis exists a greater or less extent of degeneration of the tissue may be observed before phagocytosis occurs.
Such a source of phagocytosis is the neuroglœa in nervous tissues, the sarcoplasm in muscular tissues; the bones contain osteoclasts and the liver and the kidneys are readily invaded by phagocytes from the blood.
As a matter of fact, the mechanism of bone atrophy must be placed in a different category from the phagocytosis of other organs.
But as such instances are rare, so also phagocytosis is usually found in senile brains, and I cannot accept M.
As I cannot state definitely what are the conditions that induce the phagocytosis of nerve-cells, I shall not attempt a discussion of the problem.
Metchnikoff showed that in animals immune to a given organism phagocytosis is present, whereas in susceptible animals it is deficient or absent.
By opsonic action is meant the effect which a serum has on bacteria in making them more susceptible to phagocytosis by the white corpuscles of the blood (q.
In the light of all the facts, however, especially those with regard to anti-bacterial sera, the presence of phagocytosis cannot be regarded as the essence of immunity, but rather the evidence of its existence.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "phagocytosis" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
