Crystals of triple phosphate, of neutral phosphate, oxalate of lime, and other lime salts, and of cholesterin, are also seen.
It may contain an excess of phosphates, and in microscopical examination crystals of the oxalate of lime are frequently found, constituting a special affection described by Golding-Bird as oxaluria.
Where gravel alone passes, it may cause little uneasiness, and the fact is only recognized through the discovery of blood in the urine in connection with uric acid or calcium oxalate crystals.
The part of the plant used in medicine is the leaf which is acid by virtue of the potassium oxalate which it contains.
In the chapter on the mulberry, or oxalate of lime diathesis, Dr.
The relative prevalency of theoxalate of lime calculus is very various.
The oxalate of lime, or mulberry calculus, is generally of a very dark brown colour, approaching to black.
It also dissolves readily in acids, and particularly in dilute muriatic acid; and if to the solution, oxalate of ammonia be added, the lime is precipitated alone, and the magnesium may be afterwards separated by the addition of pure ammonia.
The result is a white precipitate of the oxalate of lime, showing there is lime present, but not as a phosphate.
To the solution of mineral matters obtained from Experiment 3, add acetate of soda until free acetic acid is present, recognized by the smell (like dilute vinegar); then add oxalate of ammonia.
Filter the solution in the preceding experiment, and to the filtrate addoxalate of ammonia.
If old oxalate developer be exposed in a shallow vessel in a warm place, a deposit of light green crystals will be formed, composed of an impure oxalate of iron.
The unused developer produces the best crystals for the purpose, and the pure ammonio-oxalate is vastly better than either.
This oxalic acid now exists as oxalate of potassium and sodium in the grey powder resulting from stage 3.
The only explanation that occurs to account for this unusual decomposition is that oxalate of sodium is a more insoluble salt than oxalate of potassium, and therefore may be formed by preference.
The second by chlorides of barium or calcium giving a white precipitate, and the third by oxalate of ammonium giving a white precipitate.
If the salts of ruthenium are boiled with sodic formiate or oxalate the solution becomes colourless, but no precipitate of reduced metal takes place.
The principal crystalline forms ofoxalate of lime, when it occurs as a urinary deposit, are the octahedral and the dumb-bell.
Guano acts as a source of ammonia, containing much oxalate and urate of ammonia, with some phosphates.
There are a great many diversities of the dumb-bell form of oxalate of lime, which seem to be derived from circular and oval crystals.
On the small scale, for chemical purposes, pure nickel is best obtained by moderately heating nickelous oxalate in a covered crucible lined with charcoal.
This powder is now washed on a filter with solution of carbonate of sodium, which seems to have the singular and unexpected power of decomposing the oxalate of potassium and converting it into oxalate of sodium.
Lead does not separate well as peroxide from urine, but if ammonium oxalatebe added, and the lead deposited as metal, the reaction is quite as delicate as in aqueous solution, and 0.
Of the above two methods, that in which an ammonium oxalate solution is used is the more delicate, although it cannot be employed quantitatively, owing to the oxidation of the metal that takes place.
Lead is precipitated either as PbO{2} at the anode from a nitric acid solution or as metal at the cathode from an ammonium oxalate solution.
Redissolve the calciumoxalate in the beaker with warm hydrochloric acid, pouring the acid through the filter.
Test the washings for calcium with ammonia and ammonium oxalate (Note 3).
Note 5: The small quantity of ammonium oxalate solution is added before the second precipitation of the calcium oxalate to insure the presence of a slight excess of the reagent, which promotes the separation of the calcium compound.
Note 4: The ionic changes involved in the precipitation of calcium as oxalate are exceedingly simple, and the principles discussed in connection with the barium sulphate precipitation on page 113 also apply here.
Boil for two minutes; allow the precipitated calciumoxalate to settle for a half-hour, and decant through a filter.
A sample of dolomite is analyzed for calcium by precipitating as the oxalateand igniting the precipitate.
Filter off the calcium oxalateupon the filter first used, and wash free from chlorides.
At present, sodium oxalate is considered to be one of the most satisfactory standards.
Note 7: The heat required to burn the filter, and that subsequently applied as described, will convert most of the calcium oxalate to calcium carbonate, which is changed to sulphate by the sulphuric acid.
The paper may be returned to the oxalate bath for a minute or two longer if it be thought desirable, though only in the case of a very cold bath is any effect produced on the print by the oxalate after the first few seconds.
Illustration] The classical solution for cold tone slides is a solution of ferrousoxalate in potassic oxalate.
There are two alternatives to the oxalate of potash developer, both possessing certain, if not very strongly marked characteristics.
Ferrous oxalate is likewise used in special circumstances, but not for general work.
The oxalate solution should, moreover, always be at full strength, namely, 1/2 lb.
For use take four parts of oxalate solution and one part of ferrous sulphate solution, pouring the latter into the former and not vice versa.
In twenty-five ounces of hot water dissolve half a pound of best neutraloxalate of potash, and keep this in a stoppered bottle as stock solution.
Another developer, the effect of which is to minimize half-tone and increase the vigour of the contrasts, and so give very brilliant and even hard blacks and whites, is as follows: Oxalate of potash 16 ozs.
The other reducer is known as Belitzski's reducer, and is made up as follows:-- Ferric potassium oxalate 1 oz.
Ferrous oxalate gives a rich black deposit, but to my mind metol and the combined eiko-quinol give tones at least as beautiful with pretty gray half-tones.
A good substitute for the bath as above prepared for sepia prints may be made by adding one part of saturated solution of oxalic acid to each ten parts of oxalate of potash solution.
Solid crystals of insoluble calcium oxalate are often found in plant cells, and it has been shown that when so deposited the calcium cannot become again available for metabolic uses.
Raspail has read a memoir to the Academy of Sciences, to prove the analogy which exists in arrangement between the crystals of silica, which are found in sponges, and those of oxalate of lime occurring in the tissue of phanerogamous plants.
On the Existence of Crystals of Oxalate of Lime in Plants.
The leaves and stems of beet root contain oxalate and malate of potash.
Potassium hydrogen oxalate is sometimes called salts of sorrel, and potassium quadroxalate, salts of lemon.
It may also be prepared as a black velvety powder which readily takes up oxygen from the air by adding ferrous oxalate to boiling caustic potash.
Oxalate of soda is an expensive but efficient reagent which forms a precipitate of calcium oxalate of a particularly insoluble nature.
Oxalate or Binoxalate of Potash= (salts of sorrel or salts of lemon) is almost as poisonous as the acid itself.
Crystals of calcium oxalate are insoluble in acetic acid or caustic soda.
Cerium dioxide, CeO2, is produced when cerium carbonate, nitrate, sulphate or oxalate is heated in air.
Making the ferrous oxalate solution from two saturated solutions of iron sulphate and potassium oxalate has not succeeded so well with me for transparencies.
Few of those who work with gelatine dry plates seem to be aware of the great beauty of the transparencies for lantern or other uses which can be made from them by ferrous oxalate development with the greatest ease and certainty.
He first pointed out the constituents of the mulberry calculi, showing them to be composed of oxalate of lime and animal matter.
In a subsequent paper he showed, that the same oxalate of lime exists in a great number of roots of various plants.
If you use the oxalate developer, proceed upon the same plan; oxalate in the place of pyro, iron in the place of alkali, but always add the iron to the oxalate, not the reverse.
The same precautions as to the relative proportions of the oxalate solution and the iron are to be observed as for the development of negatives.
The developing is done by the ferrousoxalate process.
For development, ferrous oxalate or alkaline pyro are equally useful, and either may be employed, as suits the fancy or convenience of the operator.
Now remove it and wash slightly, then immerse it in old ferrous oxalate developer and allow it to remain until it becomes black entirely through the film.
These are smoother, but on the surface crystals of oxalate of lime may be detected with a lens.
An excess of oxalate of lime in the urine may, however, claim a different origin.
These contain about 87 per cent carbonate of lime, the remainder being carbonate of magnesia, oxalate of lime, and organic matter.
Some renal calculi are formed of more distinct layers, more loosely adherent to one another, and contain an excess of mucus, but no oxalate of lime.
In keeping with this is the observation of Lehmann, that in all cases in which man suffered from interference with the breathing oxalate of lime appeared in the urine.
A smaller calculus, which has been called coralline, is also cylindroid, with a number of brown, rough, crystalline oxalate of lime branches and whitish depressions of carbonate.
They have been otherwise named according to their most abundant chemical constituent, carbonate of lime, oxalate of lime, and phosphate of lime calculi.
Some have a deep brown, rough, crystalline surface of oxalate of lime, while others have a smooth, pearly white aspect from carbonate of lime.
Oxalate of lime, like carbonate of lime, is derived from the burning up of the carbonaceous matter of the feed in the system, one important factor being the less perfect oxidation of the carbon.
Thus the chrome tannage is reversible in solutions of ammonium or potassium oxalate and of ammonium acetate.
Oxalic acid is then detected by means of sulphate of lime; sulphuric by means of oxalate of baryta.
The flour is boiled with water acidulated with hydrochloric acid, the fluid filtered, and lime detected in the filtrate by means of ammonia and oxalate of ammonia.
If the solution is then filtered and oxalate of ammonia added to the filtrate, a precipitate will be produced which, when heated to redness, leaves a residue of caustic lime possessing an alkaline reaction.
The test is applied as follows: The suspected salt is dissolved in water, a slight excess of oxalate of ammonia added, and the precipitate formed separated by filtration.
If lime be present,--although its sulphate is not easily soluble--sufficient will be contained in the filtrate to give a white precipitate of oxalate of lime.
Oxalate of quinidine is sufficiently soluble in cold water not to be precipitated by double decomposition when solutions of oxalate of ammonia and sulphate of quinidine are mixed.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "oxalate" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
