This removes all the unchangednitrobenzene (10-20 cc.
It would probably be more legitimate to base the calculation on the amounts of aniline taken and of nitrobenzene not recovered, since undoubtedly the latter is reduced to aniline during the course of the reaction.
That aniline could be obtained by the reduction of nitrobenzene was shown by Zinin in 1842, who used sulphide of ammonium for reducing the nitrobenzene, and named the resulting base "benzidam.
A brief sketch of the history of aniline will serve to show how Perkin's discovery gave a new value to the light oils from coal-tar and raised the manufacture of nitrobenzene into an important branch of industry.
For this purpose we now heat the nitrobenzene with iron dust and a little hydrochloric (muriatic) acid, and then distil over the aniline by means of a current of steam blown through the still.
The nitrobenzene acts only as an oxidizing agent; the amido-group of the aniline is converted into a group containing carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen, i.
Thus when nitrobenzene is reduced by iron and an acid we get aniline; similarly when nitrosodimethylaniline is reduced by zinc and an acid we get amidodimethylaniline, and this is the base used in the preparation of methylene blue.
Nitrobenzene has an odour resembling that of bitter almond oil, and it is still used for certain purposes where the latter can be replaced by its cheaper substitute, such as for the scenting of soap.
Azobenzene, which was discovered by Mitscherlich in 1834, and azotoluene are now manufactured by reducing nitrobenzene and nitrotoluene with mild reducing agents.
Aniline is manufactured by reducing nitrobenzene with iron and hydrochloric acid and steam-distilling the product.
The purity of the product depends upon the quality of the benzene from which the nitrobenzene was prepared.
In nitric acid the radical of nitric acid is combined with hydroxyl, just as in nitrobenzene it is combined with the radical of benzene.
A strong action sets in, and on adding water, the nitrobenzene settles down as a heavy oil, and the acid water can be decanted off.
There are various methods of reducing nitrobenzenefor aniline, the object being to replace the oxygen of the former by an equivalent number of atoms of hydrogen.
Here they arrange themselves into two layers, the top of which consists of the nitrobenzene which has been produced, together with some benzene which is still unacted upon.
From the nitrobenzene thus obtained, the aniline which is now used so extensively is prepared.
Equal volumes of nitrobenzene and acetic acid, together with a quantity of iron-filings rather in excess of the weight of the nitrobenzene, are placed in a capacious retort.
Nitrobenzene presents itself as a yellowish oily liquid, with a peculiar taste as of bitter almonds.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "nitrobenzene" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
