These malformations are associated chiefly with imperfect development of the visceral or branchial arches and clefts, or of the hypoblastic diverticula from which the thyreoid and thymus glands are formed.
The description of the various congenital malformations of the face will be simplified by a brief consideration of its development.
These congenital deformities are due to errors in development of the mandibular arch, and are frequently associated with macrostoma, facial clefts, and other malformations of the face.
Mere variations of form arising from hybridisation or other causes hardly fall within the limits of this work, though it is quite impossible to say where variations end and malformations begin.
During the progress of the foregoing pages through the press, several additional illustrations of particular malformations have come under notice.
The author just cited arranges the malformations of this plant under three heads, as follows: 1.
For similar malformations in marigold (Calendula), see Lobel, 'Ic.
Brongniart has described some malformations of Primula sinensis in which the ovules were transformed wholly or partially into small leaves with three to five lobes.
Pending the settlement of the existing differences of opinion with reference to the morphological nature of the ovule and its component parts, much interest attaches to the malformations to which they are occasionally subject.
Apostasis of the sub-floral or involucral leaves is not of infrequent occurrence in malformations affecting Compositæ and Umbelliferæ.
Similar malformationsmay occasionally be met with in the branches of the oak, and commonly in the weeping ash.
The bearings of these and other similar malformations on the morphology of the anther are alluded to under the head of petalody of the anther.
There are certain malformations that have little in common beyond this, that they cannot readily be allocated in either of the great groups proposed by writers on teratology.
In the ordinary course of things the mouth of the perianth is open, but in some of these malformations it is closed, and when that happens, the effects of atrophy are the more observable in the stamens and pistils.
Considerable portions of the anterior part of the canal suffer contraction from the effect of ulceration; and congenital malformations of the orifice give rise to many affections both of the urethra and bladder.
Monstrosities, human and animal, and all species ofmalformations aroused attention.
By wounding the embryonic and vascular areas of the chick's germ with a cataract needle malformations are induced, varying in intensity and character with the earliness of the injury and its precise extent.
In one-sided malformations of ovary or testicle (decreased or increased in size, or changed in shape or location) microbe inflammation almost always occurs at the seat of the anomaly.
The malformations of the limbs experimentally demonstrated to be due to ancestral infection by Charin and Gley, and to injury by Dupuy, noticeably occur in men.
By wounding the embryonic and vascular areas of the chick's germ with a cataract needle, malformations are induced, varying in intensity and character with the earliness of the injury and its precise extent.
Early involvement of the germ is shown by the fact that the somatic malformations of the hereditary forms of insanity often involve the body elsewhere than in the nervous axis.
Everyone has heard of the physical malformations which are called the stigmata of degeneration.
The same advice is given for tumors and malformations in the nose passages.
A good dentist can remedy all these malformations and though it may be troublesome at the time, the child, when grown, will blame you for not having relieved him of them.
These malformations also, when occurring in the higher animals, can never possess more than one testicle and one ovarium.
Malformations are only persistent foetal conditions, or animal formations in individual animal bodies.
These malformations often result from inflammation while in the womb, excited by some taint of the mother's blood, or by some agitation of her nervous system.
All the paracentral errors and malformations are a physical burden which retards the perfectionment of man.
But the normal limits of growth for a given age, the absence of real and actual malformations (for instance, in this case there is probability of facial beauty, etc.
Therefore, in the course of growth, many of these malformations are eliminated.
For that matter, it was already observed by Lombroso that in addition to the various external malformations found in criminals, there were also certain anomalies of the internal organs, and a widespread and varied predisposition to disease.
This shows us that a face which is still beautiful in childhood may acquire malformations in successive periods of growth.
Consequently, the theory is untenable which tries to explain certain morphological or psychic malformations of man, on the principle of atavism--because no one can inherit if he is not a descendant.
In addition to this fundamental deviation from normality, there are other malformations worthy of note that may occur in the limbs.
Such infantiles very frequently have a special morphology of the face, that suggests the mongol type, and characteristic malformations of the hands (little fingers atrophied).
As such malformations do not occur, it is plain that the doctrine is untenable.
Thus when images appear upon the dream vision they are frequently distorted into hideous malformations that fill it with fear and excitement.
Ballantyne and his associates define diphallic terata as individuals provided with two more or less well-formed and more or less separate penises, who may show also other malformations of the adjoining parts and organs (e.
Exstrophy of the bladder is not rare, and is often associated with hypospadias, epispadias, and other malformations of the genitourinary tract.
Perhaps the most unique collection of congenital malformations of the heart from persons who have reached the age of puberty was to be seen in London in 1895.
Hypospadias and epispadias are names given to malformations of the urethra in which the wall of the canal is deficient either above or below.
Such a condition with other associate malformations of the genitalia might easily be mistaken for an instance of hermaphroditic testicles.
This child died because of its anal malformation, which we notice is a frequent associate of malformations or duplicity of the penis.
A speculum for gynaecological purposes has been found in the ruins of Pompeii, and votive offerings of anatomical parts found in the temples show that various gynaecological malformations were known to the ancients.
A long catalogue could be given of all sorts of inherited malformations and of predisposition to various diseases.
Even if no single fact had been known with respect to the inheritance of disease and malformations by man, the evidence would have been ample in the case of the horse.
Cases of congenital strictures andmalformations are confined almost wholly to the rectum and anus, and come more properly under the province of the surgeon.
These malformations of the bowel may be associated with a perfect anus, or with any of its imperforate forms, or with a fecal fistula.
In congenital malformationsthe following conditions may be found: 1st.
The malformations are unusually symmetrical and affect pairs of teeth.
Although the statistics of this class of malformationsare somewhat contradictory and confusing, it is safe to state that more male than female children are so afflicted.
They all show the same lacunæ, inequalities, and malformations in intellectual capacity, the same psychic and somatic stigmata.
We know that among the degenerate divers arrested developments and malformations appear.
Malformations among infants and the young of animals were of course plentiful, but here too the anomalies and monstrosities are not as numerous and varied as were entered in the handbooks of the Babylonian and Assyrian diviners.
Such deviations covered a wide and almost boundless range from peculiar formations of any part of the body or of the features, to actual malformations and monstrosities.
In general, malformations are looked upon as unfavorable, as are also excess organs or parts e.
IX The thesis that the fabulous figures of Greek mythology were suggested by malformations was set forth some twelve years ago by Prof.
The three heads of Cerberus, Diana of the many breasts and even harpies are similarly explained as suggested by malformations or by excess parts or organs.
As in the case of rodents, malformations of whose incisors I have alluded to some time back, the tusks of elephants assume various freaks.
Quain to the explanation of a numerous class of malformations connected with the origins of the great vessels from the heart, and of their primary branches.
The malformations which arise from the accidents of pregnancy and which are compatible with a perfectly normal germ are in the nature of acquired characteristics and are not inherited.
All malformations arise during the first six weeks of pregnancy known as the embryonic period, in which the development of the form of the child is taking place, and during which time there is little consciousness of pregnancy.
The more extensive malformations have no effect on heredity, because the subjects of them are incapable of procreation.
There has always been a great deal of popular interest attached to the malformationsowing to the part which maternal impressions are supposed to play in their production.
Certain of the malformations known as monstrosities hardly represent the human type.
There is a very prevalent idea that in close intermarriage in families variations and malformations often unfortunate for the individual are more common.
There is a relation between malformations due to imperfect development of the embryo and tumors, the two conditions occurring together too frequently to be regarded as mere coincidence.
Malformations are made more numerous in chickens by shaking the eggs before brooding.
Malformations of the brain, except very gross conditions which are incompatible with extra-uterine existence, are not very common.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "malformations" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
