Note the significance of the name carbo-hydrates as applied to them.
These hydrates are alcohols, and are known as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, etc.
The gastric juice does not act on carbo-hydrates or hydrocarbons to any very noticeable degree.
This idea receives some support from the hydrate theory of solution, and the zones of compression and orientation are the colloid analogue of the hydrates supposed to exist in solutions of electrolytes.
In solutions of the hydrates of the alkali and alkaline earth metals, keratins behave differently.
One naturally also connects the effect with solubility and the tendency to form hydrates in solution, the zones of compression being zones of orientation and of electrochemical attraction.
Intermediate hydrates exist, but they are more soluble, and cannot be readily isolated.
The two hydrates cannot be in equilibrium with the same solution except at the temperature at which their solubilities are equal, i.
These hydrates may exist as compound molecules in the solution, but their composition cannot be demonstrated unless they can be separated in the solid state.
The transition points of the hydrates given in the above list (Richards, Proc.
Some immediate experiments proved that it was necessary to give more carbo-hydrates and less albuminous food, in order to re-establish the previous relations.
This glycogen probably arises partly from the carbo-hydrates of the food, but certainly from the albuminous substances taken with the food, which, when broken up, separate into nitrogenous products and glycogen.
Also the substances mentioned above in the description of the carbo-hydrates have reducing properties.
When the diet is to be altered, it is necessary to select it in such a way that the nitrogenous substances may predominate and that the carbo-hydrates may be excluded as far as possible.
The synthesis of fats and oils is long since known, sugar and thehydrates of carbon are known also, and the synthesis of the nitrogen-compounds will soon become known.
Footnote 66: This is due to the fact that the acid reacts with the albumin of the egg to form a kind of salt which hydrates and takes up water from the mixture.
The vapour pressures of salt hydrates have already been treated in a general manner (Chap.
By this method, Ramsay[160] found that no definite hydrates were formed in the case of ferric and aluminium oxides, but that two are formed in the case of lead oxide, viz.
In the cases which have just been considered we saw that the salt hydrates on being heated did not undergo complete fusion, but that a solid was deposited consisting of a lower hydrate or of the anhydrous salt.
In the case of salts capable of forming more than one hydrate, we should obtain a series of dissociation curves (pt-curves), as in the case of the different hydrates of copper sulphate.
The curve is therefore of the form exhibited by calcium chloride hexahydrate, or the hydrates of ferric chloride (Chapter VIII.
One of the most brilliant examples, however, of suspended transformation in the case of salt hydrates, and the sluggish transition from the less stable to the more stable form, is found in the case of the hydrates of calcium chromate.
The solubility curves of these different hydrates are given in Fig.
Similarly, each of the other hydrates can exist in contact with vapour at different values of temperature and pressure.
Bemmelen has shown that the red hydrates are really colloids, the amount of water retained being such that its vapour pressure equals the pressure of the aqueous vapour in the superincumbent atmosphere.
The probability may be noted here that under the action of the alkaline hydrates there occurs a change of configuration.
Mulhouse, 1878] neglects to take into consideration the contribution of the cellulose hydrates to the total and complex sizing effect, and hence gives a partial view only of the function of the resin acids.
The purpose of the investigation was to test the validity of the statement that the celluloses are not attacked by alkaline hydrates at 180°.
The iron and alumina are precipitated as hydrates by ammonia.
It is separated by dissolving the hydrates in hydrochloric acid, and oxidizing with chlorine water.
It differs in a marked way from soda or potash in its solvent action on the oxides or hydrates of the metals.
Alkalis and basic hydratesare also salts consisting of a metal and hydroxyl--for instance, caustic soda, NaOH; this is therefore termed sodium hydroxide.
As the hydrates characterised by a small dissociation tension are incapable of giving supersaturated solutions, so conversely supersaturated solutions give hydrates whose tension of dissociation is great (Potilitzin, 1893).
From other hydrates the water cannot be separated by any degree of heat, even if they are formed from anhydrides (i.
If a salt forms a supersaturated solution, then one would expect, according to this view, that it should exist in the form of several hydrates or in several modifications.
Of these, which we may regard as his detached efforts, the most important was his investigation of the hydrates and other salts of phosphorus.
A subsequent investigation on the condition of water in several crystalline salts and in the hydrates of sulphuric acid is equally remarkable.
The research shows that not only is there need of a revision of the "standard" quantity of proteids, but also of the carbo-hydrates and fats.
The best proportions of proteids, carbo-hydrates and fats required for the nourishment of the body has not yet been conclusively decided.
The food of persons in easy circumstances, and of working men in the receipt of good wages, approximate to the standard dietaries, except that the fat is higher and the carbo-hydrates proportionately less.
The carbo-hydrates and fats are equally entitled to be called nourishment.
Manganous salts are distinguished as follows:--The hydrates of potassium and sodium give white precipitates insoluble in excess, and rapidly turning brown.
Potassium and sodium hydrates give a white precipitate, soluble in excess.
Two other definite hydrates of sulphuric acid are generally recognised by chemists, viz.
The alkaline hydrates of potash and soda are powerful solvents of thymol; ammonia dissolves it but sparingly.
They may be made by adding iodine to solublehydrates or carbonates, and crystallising the sparingly soluble iodate from the very soluble iodide.
By dissolving the corresponding hydrates in a solution of tartaric acid, employing the former in slight excess, and evaporating, both the ferrous and ferric tartrate are easily obtained.
Sir Thomas Holland has brought forward the suggestion that the development of laterite may depend on the presence in the soil of bacteria which are able to decompose silicate of alumina into quartz and hydrates of alumina.
The reader will see that 100 parts of carbo-hydrates is taken as the basis of calculation, the figures opposite the other ingredients representing the proportion they should bear to the basic figure.
In the first place, the diastasic power of the malt extracts converts the carbo-hydrates of the potato flour into maltose, and if this is carried in far enough produces more than enough saccharine matter for any dough.
The synthesis of fats and oils has been long known; likewise are sugar and hydrates of carbon known; nor will it be long before the secret of compounding azote is out.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "hydrates" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
