But we need merely call to mind that in the electrostatic system the intensities of the current are speeds of efflux and that the resistances are times, i.
We must, in particular, remember what is meant by the specific resistance, [rho] of mercury in the electrostatic system.
The condenser, which has a very small electrostatic capacity, has no appreciable effect upon the normal operation, but a very powerful effect upon the static wave on account of its extremely high frequency.
The necessity for this difference is due to the fact that a cable system has a very much higher electrostatic capacity and much less inductance than an overhead system.
So matter is ordinarily a combination of magnetic, electrostatic and gravitational fields.
By some system of magnetic or electrostatic locating devices, the enemy guns and rays replied, and so successfully that Arcot was again blinded.
I cannot stretch my imagination so far, but I do firmly believe that it is practicable to disturb by means of powerful machines the electrostaticcondition of the earth and thus transmit intelligible signals and perhaps power.
To such sudden impulses the primary as well as the secondary are poor conductors, and therefore great differences of potential may be produced by electrostatic induction between adjacent points on the secondary.
In such an electrostatic field interesting phenomena may be observed, especially if the alternations are kept low and the potentials excessively high.
When two conducting bodies are insulated and electrified, we say that an electrostatic force is acting between them.
In such a case the most powerful electrostatic inductive effects are needed; the apparatus employed must, therefore, be capable of producing high electrostatic potentials changing in value with extreme rapidity.
I will illustrate this action of electrostatic force in a novel experiment in which I will employ the induction coil before referred to.
On account of its marvellous sensitiveness to electrostatic or magnetic disturbances it may be the means of sending signals through submarine cables with any speed, and even of transmitting intelligence to a distance without wires.
The behavior of a gaseous medium to such rapid alternations of potential makes it appear plausible that electrostatic disturbances of the earth, produced by cosmic events, may have great influence upon the meteorological conditions.
But on carefully investigating the phenomena I found that the effects produced were more of anelectrostatic nature.
It is a convenient form of what is called an electrostatic condenser.
Another is that adjacent particles become charged as the plates of a minute condenser, and so are drawn tightly together as the plates in an electrostatic voltmeter are drawn towards each other.
In the next place we must notice that electrification is a measurable magnitude and in electrostatics is estimated in terms of a unit called the electrostatic unit of electric quantity.
The electrified ebonite is said to act by "electrostatic induction" on the tray, and creates on it two induced charges, one of positive and the other of negative electricity.
The quantity of electricity which must be given to the sphere to raise it to unit potential is therefore R electrostatic units.
The above method is especially useful for the determinations of very small capacities of the order of 100 electrostatic units or so and upwards.
Thus the capacity of a sphere in electrostatic units (E.
The unit of electrostatic capacity is therefore that of a sphere of 1 cm.
The operation depends on the facts of electrostatic induction discovered by John Canton in 1753, and, independently, by J.
Auerbeck thought that the effect was a mechanical one due to the electrostatic attractions between the various small pieces of metal.
Holtz constructed and described a large number of influence machines which were for a long time considered the most advanced development of this type of electrostatic machine.
Hence his measurements are all directly comparable with modern electrostatic measurements in which the unit of capacity is that of a sphere 1 centimetre in radius.
On Maxwell's electromagnetic theory the velocity of propagation of electromagnetic disturbances should equal the velocity of light, and also the ratio of the electromagnetic unit of electricity to the electrostatic unit.
Similarly he came to see an electrified body as a centre of a system of lines of electrostatic force.
He suggests that the discharges obtained with larger electrodes for smaller voltages are due to the electrodes being dragged together by the electrostatic attraction between them.
With such currents it is necessary to consider the effects of self-induction in the circuit and of electrostatic capacity.
N atoms of hydrogen, we have, if E is the charge in electrostatic units, on the atom of hydrogen in the electrolysis of solutions 2.
It is the possession of electrostatic capacity which enables the condenser, of which the Leyden jar is a good example, to be useful in a telephone line.
The electrostatic capacity between the conductors of a telephone line depends upon their surface area, their length, their position, and the nature of the materials separating them from each other and from other things.
Electrostatic capacity plays an important part in the transmission of speech.
Test of Line with Varying Shunt Capacity] The unit of electrostatic capacity is the farad.
The use of condensers as pieces of apparatus and the problems presented by electrostatic capacity in lines are discussed in other chapters.
But, by virtue of electrostatic capacity, the condition is much as shown in Fig.
Some of these means are the variation of resistance in the path of direct current, variation in the pressure of the source of that current, and variation in the electrostatic capacity of some part of the circuit.
Drainage Coils] A telephone line which for a long distance is near a high-tension transmission line may have electrostatic or electromagnetic potentials, or both, induced upon it.
If the line be balanced in its properties, including balance by transposition of its wires, the electrostatic induction may neutralize itself.
The cyclical change in the corona, he adds, is probably due to a variation in the balance of power thus established, the magnetic polar influence dominating at minima, the electrostatic at maxima.
Unlike the electrostatic effect of his fellow-countryman Romagnosi, this was unquestionably an electromagnetic effect, the first link in the long chain connecting electricity with magnetism.
Whatever Romagnosi thought of his experiment and its theoretical bearing, the attraction and subsequent repulsion of the compass-needle which he said he observed were electrostatic and not electromagnetic effects.
Owing to the electrostatic capacity of the cable, signaling would have been difficult and unsatisfactory had it not been for the resourcefulness of Prof.
From these observations, he deduced the electrostatic laws, that similarly electrified bodies attract while dissimilarly electrified bodies repel each other.
Some years ago, Sir Oliver Lodge, extending this observation, proposed to lay the poisonous dust floating about in the atmosphere of lead works by means of large electrostatic machines.
The unit to which they are ordinarily referred is 1 electrostatic unit of electricity per cubic metre of air.
It was there pointed out that an electrometer is essentially an instrument for measuring differences of electric potential between conductors, by means of effects of electrostatic force.
Henry Cavendish should have found long ago by experiment with the rudest apparatus the electrostatic capacity of a disk to be 1⧸1.
From this Thomson deduced a value for the ratio of the electromagnetic unit of electricity to the electrostatic unit, and indicated methods of determining this ratio experimentally.
But it would not be the same had we used concrete images, had we, for example, considered this function as an electric potential; it would have been thought legitimate to affirm that electrostatic equilibrium can be attained.
But this is not the case; consider electrified bodies; the electrostatic energy due to their mutual action will evidently depend upon their charge, that is to say, on their state; but it will equally depend upon their position.
Experiment shows us that the energy of an electromagnetic field is decomposed into two parts, the electrostatic energy and the electrodynamic energy.
A disc received a strong electrostaticcharge and a very great speed of rotation.
There is one point however to which I wish to draw attention: that is to the measurement of the electrostatic field, a measurement upon which all depends.
This electrodynamic attraction diminishes, therefore, the electrostatic repulsion, and the total repulsion is feebler than if the two bodies were at rest.
Take as example the chapter in which he explainselectrostatic attractions by pressures and tensions in the dielectric medium.
When two oscillation circuits are connected together either by the magnetic field of an inductance coil, or by the electrostatic field of a condenser.
The word capacitance means the electrostatic capacity of a condenser or a circuit.
The importance of the propulsion-pneuma is this: It controls the master generators of electrostatic force, which are used both to move this planet and ours, and to perform the act of Translation.
And they reached out, with a fat pencil of electrostatic force and caught the sluggish, brooding Pyramid on Mount Everest.
A pencil of electrostatic force maintained by a pinch effect bounced down the approximate azimuth of Everest--God knows how they handled the elevation--and charged him and the area positive.
A world away, before the steps of Wheeling's Federal Building, electrostatic charges gathered above a component whose name was Citizen Boyne.
It swung its electrostatic scythe and the--call them Tropiletropes--were harvested.
They found how the electrostatic harvesting scythe of the Pyramids was controlled, by and through them.
The Translation mechanism, the electrostatic scythe that had harvested so many crops from the wristwatch mines, suffered a change and went to work not for the pickers but for the fruit.
The electrostatic charges, in forming, produced what humans called an Eye.
Electrostatic Illumination [299] Anyone having the use of a static machine can perform the following experiment which gives a striking result.
The case (the top is missing in this photograph) is dehumidified and its temperature and electrostatic condition are controlled.
Quartz pendulums are subject to the influence of electrostatic charge, and provision is made to counteract this through the presence of a radium salt in the case.
At low energies, protons, alpha particles, or other charged particles do not interact with nuclei because they cannot penetrate the electrostatic energy barriers.
A later development, the Van de Graaff electrostatic generator, produced a beam of hydrogen ions and other positively charged ions, and electrons at even higher energies.
Faraday first showed that electrostatic induction was not action at a distance, but took place by means of the insulating medium separating the two conductors.
And there the audience saw in the mirror, placed in the doorway so it reflected the interior of the altar room, the ravening discharge of a tremendous electrostatic blast.
Through the death of their fellows they had discovered that touching the wall caused a terrible discharge of electrostatic electricity.
Devin, see if you can hunt up some electrostatic voltmeters with a range in the neighborhood of--I think it'll be about eighty thousand.
He left, just as Devin returned with a largeelectrostatic voltmeter.
In the main the causes which hinder a pulse committed to a cable are two: induction, and the electrostatic capacity of the wire, that is, the capacity of the wire to take up a charge of its own, just as if it were the metal of a Leyden jar.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "electrostatic" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
