It grafts extremely well on the wild bitternut hickory root which is about the hardiest known.
None of them that I have tried to graft will live onbitternut roots.
The Bridgewater and the Beeman are two more hickories which are very hardy and which come into bearing quickly, also are successfully grafted on bitternut root.
The Beaver hybrid hickory is probably next for nut production satisfaction, grafts well on bitternutroot but does not seem to have a long life.
The Pleas is a bitternut hybrid and has some bitterness in the kernel, but no more than the English walnut and people like it.
I am now quite sure that they borrowed pollen from the wild bitternut trees which are in abundance nearby.
In southern Illinois I find that the bitternut hickory root for shellbark or shagbark don't seem to be satisfactory at all.
Shagbark or shellbark varieties on bitternut may grow for three or four years and then die.
Bitternut seedlings are much faster growing than are shagbark seedlings.
The bitternut does well on shallow soil or the soil that is made shallow by high water.
We have heard reports of grafts failing on bitternut stocks after a few years growth.
Davis has continued to grow on it for over fifteen years but growth is slower than on shagbark or bitternut stocks.
It may be that the bitternut does not thrive as well in the South as it does here.
This would seem to indicate that there are possibilities for some of the pecan-bitternut and pecan-shagbark hybrids in southern Ontario where the shagbark and the bitternut grow quite freely.
The pignut and mockernut apparently stand midway between the bitternut and the shagbark in respect to the trimming of the top.
Mr. Jones also has a smaller bitternut tree top worked at the same time to Siers.
The bitternut may be cut back severely without giving evidence of any great degree of shock.
The nuts, however are not pure bitternut and the tree is seemingly a bitternut x shagbark hybrid.
It also seems likely that bitternut root is not a good stock for the shagbark.
Mr. Jones has a bitternut tree now about five inches in diameter which was top worked in the Spring of 1916 to Fairbanks variety, ten grafts being put in, two of which blew out that summer or fall and were replaced the next spring.
The bitternut bears nuts with a thinner shell than any of the finest southern pecans and with a larger proportion of kernel.
From the shape of the nut, I believe it has a trace of the bitternut hickory in its make-up.
The parent tree is growing in Hamilton County, Ohio, and, is supposed to be a pecan x bitternut hybrid.
The nuts are not of very good quality, like most bitternut hybrids.
There is also a variety of bitternut from Iowa known as Cedar Rapids, but the two are quite unlike and should not be confused.
It appears to be the result of a natural cross between the shagbark and the bitternut hickories.
It is very much the same as the other bitternut hybrids.
Upon becoming thoroughly cured, especially after a few months, the disagreeable taste characteristic of bitternut usually becomes quite pronounced.
In short, I found not only the one tree I was after but a second king hickory and bitternut cross with a shell so thin you could "crack it with your hands.
One of the trees was a bitternut and the other a pignut.
On bitternut they grow fast, but at the end of eight or ten years are inclined to slow up.
Then at the end of three or four years they begin to slow up, while shagbarks on shagbark stock, starting slowly at first, surpassed the ones on bitternut stock finally.
In the spring of 1919, I topworked two trees standing near together and of about the same size (thirty feet) with Beaver hybrid (a cross between the bitternut and the shagbark).
The name bitternut may safely be allowed to remain with Carya cordiformis because the other two nuts with bitter pellicle already have distinctive names, Carya aquatica being called water hickory and Carya texana being called bitter pecan.
He also reported that bitternut was practically as good as shagbark for shagbark varieties.
The bitternut is quite often used for rootstocks for the shagbark and shagbark hybrids.
The Fairbanks hybrid has often been used as an intermediate stock between bitternut and some shagbark varieties and Last(10) has stated that the variety Rockville is useful for interstock purposes on account of its exceptional vigor.
Weschcke(24) reported that shagbark varieties grew well on bitternut but also indicated that a slow growing variety would be stimulated in growth by working on pecan stocks which are more vigorous in growth than the other hickories.
He reported a lack of congeniality between shagbark and bitternut hickory.
Most of them the result of placing bitternuthickory pollen on staminate butternut flowers.
Too often shagbarks fail to unite with bitternut and frequently they are short-lived.
We fancied that we could detectbitternut flavor in good shagbarks about the plantings, due to xenia influence, as in the case of chestnuts.
I have reversed my opinion again and consider the possibility of its being slightly hybrid with bitternut blood.
Pleas, but they were given to the Wild Life Service for planting 10 miles away, although there are many nativebitternut trees just over the line fence in neighboring woods.
Records of Bearing+ Our first successful grafting of Weschcke hickory on bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis) was in 1927, but these grafts did not bear for about ten years.
I have only one Weschcke grafted on a pecan of this sort, and it makes much greater growth each year than does this variety grafted on the native bitternut stocks.
The pignut, mockernut, and bitternut have a rather general distribution especially in the central and northern parts of the state.
The number of varieties I tested on bitternut stock is roughly about 75.
This variety, grafted on bitternutin 1932, produced one nut that year.
Our oldest graft is on a bitternut stock; it has borne well but the nuts have not cracked as well as those from the original tree or the ones grown at Cornell.
The sure sign by which to tell the bitternuthickory is the tapering, flattened, yellow bud.
The bitternut is a hickory nut whose kernel no squirrel eats.
Bitternut hickory's range covers pretty generally the eastern part of the United States.
Bitternut hickory has about ninety-two per cent of the strength of shagbark, and seventy-three per cent of its stiffness.
Fairbanks shagbark-bitternut hybrid from topworked tree, original tree near Cedar Rapids, Iowa; Leaves, burrs and nuts of Morris hybrid chestnut No.
The shagbark and bitternut hickories make up the large percentage of the hickories growing in Ontario.
The northern limit of the bitternut is approximately the same as the butternut--that is, Midland on Georgian Bay and Ottawa on the east; while the northern limit of the shagbark is thirty to forty miles south of the bitternut.
Quite a few of my grafted test trees, both in the forest and in the orchard, which in some cases were grafted on bitternut hickory stocks fifteen years ago, are beginning to bear.
The Major and Posey pure pecans being incompatible on bitternut hickory roots were grafted on pecan stocks, but they proved to be tender to our winters and the varieties were finally lost.
The wood and buds are hardy to a temperature of 47° below zero Fahrenheit, so that wherever the wild bitternut hickory grow, this grafted tree will survive to bear its thin-shelled nuts.
However, I grafted some of the tops of the Marquardt trees from Jones to bitternut trees at the time that I transplanted them; several of the grafts made successful growth and resulted in several trees growing deep in the woods.
I am now reconciled to using my native bitternut trees for most of my stock in spite of some disadvantages.
Experimenters have long thought to reduce the time required by the hickory to reach maturity by grafting it to fast-growing hickory roots such as the bitternut or the closely related pecan.
The Weschcke hickory makes a tremendous growth grafted on bitternut hickory (Carya Cordiformis).
Both of these grow rapidly and thebitternut has the additional advantage of growing farther north and of being transplanted more easily.
There was one time when I had from six to ten varieties of hickories and their hybrids grafted on wild bitternut hickory stocks, totally lacking in identification.
Yet as a root system, the bitternut is the hardiest and easiest to transplant of any of the hickories and for these reasons it makes an ideal stock for the amateur nut-grower to use.
Most of those I worked with were compatible with the bitternut stock, but a few, perhaps a dozen, have indicated that they would rather not live on the bitternut and have died, either from incompatibility or winter-killing.
Altogether I have grafted about 70 varieties of hickory and its hybrids on bitternut stocks in my attempts to increase the number of varieties of cultured hickory trees in the North.
All there are have been upon the bitternut from the start.
I have secured fertile hybrids between the pecan and the bitternut and between the pecan and the shagbark.
Most of them have died because there was no congenial union of the pecan grafted on our local bitternut stocks.
It makes a very good growth, but in most instances our native bitternut stock produces an equally good growth in unions with this particular variety.
They accept the grafts readily, and make good unions more quickly than the bitternut stocks I have tried.
A few grafts which were put on bitternut stocks (Carya cordiformis) grew well, and are still growing well after more than fifteen years.
Hicans that graft well on local bitternut stocks are the Rockville, first in hardiness and for bearing nuts of the usual size for Rockville.
Weschcke (28) reported that black walnuts grafted on butternuts yielded poor crops and that bitternut was a satisfactory stock for shagbark varieties and shagbark hybrids.
These may be due to stock being blamed for something they did not cause or it may be that bitternut stocks grown from seed of more southern origin may not be as good as our northern stock.
Smith (25) advocated shagbark stocks for shagbark varieties but found bitternut to be practically as good.
We have grafts growing on bitternut stocks since 1935, they are growing and producing well.
At any rate, the poorest growing pecan in the University of Illinois orchard is on a Wisconsin bitternut understock.
I have thirty-two crosses between the bitternut hickory and our common butternut, growing.
If you wish to grow the shagbark hickory (Hicoria ovata) plant the best specimens of this nut you can get, or the bitternut (H.
Aspen, balsam fir, bitternut hickory, ironwood, and other trees fall within this range.
The Hatch bitternut grew luxuriantly on shagbark for a year but blew off.
The seedlings bear this out, for they vary from seemingly pure shagbark to pure bitternut with several in between looking somewhat like the parent tree.
The two that are in good condition today were bitternuts on bitternut stocks and both the stocks and grafts were notably larger than others.
In the ease of those on pignut and pecan stocks there was no loss from 1923 and in some instances at least of those on shagbark and bitternut stocks the loss was due to outside causes, such as being broken off.
The history of the Beaver tree was ascertained four or five years ago and from this and the appearance of the tree and its nuts, it was decided to be a shagbark x bitternut hybrid.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "bitternut" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
