If it were due to stimulation at some point on the reflex facial arc, other facial muscles ought to be involved; if referable to isolated excitation of the orbicularis filaments of the facial nerve, why is the contraction bilateral?
One of us has had occasion to observe an excellent case in point in a young man afflicted with spasm of the orbicularisand zygomatics on the right side, in whom synchronous displacement of the uvula occurred with each twitch.
Two symmetrical muscles may be affected, as in tics of blinking and of affirmation, or a median muscle, such as the orbicularis oris.
The tic itself, an abrupt contraction of the inferior portion of the left orbicularis palpebrarum, underwent no subsequent change, in degree or extent.
How then are we to explain the abruptness and intensity of contraction of the orbicularis palpebrarum, and of this muscle alone?
These commenced eighteen months ago by brief insignificant contractions of the left orbicularis palpebrarum, which have gradually spread to the whole of the muscular domain supplied by the left facial nerve.
Chvostek's sign consists in a visible twitch of the facial musculature, especially of the orbicularis palpebrarum or of the orbicularis oris, in response to a gentle tap administered over the facial nerve in front of the ear.
Magruder himself, he was convinced, would have regarded thatorbicularis operation with courageous fortitude and heroic composure.
Why merely a contraction of the orbicularis oris muscle; thus," said the student as she leaned over and kissed Mr. Magruder.
At the time of report three months later, there was a definite paresis of the left leg, with anesthesia and absent plantar reflexes, and slight paresis of the orbicularis palpebrarum, scanning speech and syncopal tendencies.
The hearing of a sudden noise causes contraction of the orbicularis palpebrarum on the side upon which the noise is suddenly and unexpectedly made.
Collybia dryophila, Stropharia semi-globata, and Naucoria semi-orbicularis are sometimes found growing with it.
In some cases a slight touch to the eye causes spasms of the orbicularis muscle, which may continue for so long as an hour, being accompanied by a flow of tears.
Does the orbicularispress against, and so directly stimulate, the lachrymal gland?
Now, in all these cases I observe that the orbicularis muscle is more or less spasmodically contracted, as also in the crying of a child.
Does the same nerve which runs to the orbicularis send off fibrils to the lachrymal glands; and if so, when the order goes for the muscle to contract, is nervous force sent sympathetically at the same time to the glands?
As a slight blow on the eye causes, by reflex action, a copious effusion of tears, can the slight spasmodic contraction of the orbicularis act like a blow?
An incision is carried through the tarsal plate parallel to and near its upper border well into the substance of the orbicularis muscle on the other side.
The superficial fascia and the fibres of the orbicularis muscle are then divided.
The piece of skin and orbicularismuscle between them is removed and the tarsal cartilage is exposed.
This growth should be sufficiently vigorous by the end of a week to securely fix the chain against all the force of traction of the orbicularis muscle.
The needle is then again carried through the levator palpebræ, palpebral ligament, andorbicularis in the upper part of the wound.
The skin and orbicularis muscle are divided and dissected downwards so as to expose the upper surface of the tarsal plate.
The underlying orbicularis muscle is then removed over the same area and the wound closed with sutures.
The underlying orbicularis palpebrarum is divided, and the orbital fascia covering the gland is defined and incised.
The skin, especially of the lower margin of the wound, is dissected up and the orbicularis muscle divided, the tarsal plate, with the superior palpebral ligament attached to it, and the orbital margin being exposed.
The palpebral ligament and orbicularis palpebrarum are then united and the wound in the skin is closed.
The ends of these sutures are then carried downwards between the tarsal cartilage and the orbicularis palpebrarum and out in the intermarginal line of the eyelid.
The levator palpebræ was normal, but spasm of the orbicularis held the eye firmly closed.
These for the most part lodged in the skin over the left orbicularis muscle, but one also lodged in the conjunctiva and was removed.
The orbicularis oris and other muscles of expression about the mouth being defective, the deformity is exaggerated when the child cries or laughs.
The orbicularis oris being also paralysed, the patient is unable to show his upper teeth, and the labial consonants are pronounced indistinctly.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "orbicularis" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
