It is more common to meet with wounds inflicted from within, for example by the swallowing of rough and irregularly shaped foreign bodies, or by unskilful attempts to remove such bodies or to pass bougies along the œsophagus.
If the passage of bougies with the object of dilating the stricture is difficult or impossible, it may be made easier or possible by getting a silk thread through the stricture.
The use of the œsophagoscope and of bougies is to be deprecated as not free from risk.
Bougies are to be employed with great care, as there is a danger of pushing the foreign body farther down, or of wedging it more firmly in the œsophagus, and the information obtained is often misleading.
Bleeding from the dilated veins may follow the use of bougies or of the œsophagoscope.
The olive heads of the bougies are drilled for threading from the tip to one side of the base.
As soon as the œsophagus has healed, say in three or four weeks, bougies should be passed every three or four days to prevent cicatricial contraction.
A free and deep incision holds out the only chance of relief; punctures or trifling scratches are worse than useless; neither is there any need of passingbougies or catheters, or of puncturing the bladder.
Injections, bland, and occasionally anodyne, tend to diminish irritation; bougies aggravate the disease.
Small bougies were introduced from the wound into this diminutive canal; and by gradually increasing their size, the passage was brought to its natural diameter in less than three months.
If treatment by bougies be attempted in dysphagia arising from such a cause, the practitioner not being aware of the nature of the disease, the fatal issue will be fearfully hastened—a very unpleasant consequence of any practice.
By passing bougies or other instruments along the canal during active inflammation much mischief is done.
Strictures of the rectum are treated by bougies of wood, plaster, or elastic gum, introduced at intervals, and gradually enlarged.
This process takes two months for its completion, in forming the best bougies called elastic; which ought to bear twisting round the finger without cracking or scaling, and extension without giving way, but retracting when let go.
When the bougiesare to be hollow, a mandril of iron wire, properly bent with a ring at one end, is introduced into the axis of the silk tissue.
Bougies are also made entirely of caoutchouc, by the intervention of a solution of this substance in sulphuric ether, a menstruum sufficiently cheap in France, on account of the low duty upon alcohol.
Some bougies are made with a hollow axis of tin foil rolled into a slender tube.
The local treatment consists in systematic mechanical dilatation with bougies or mechanical dilators properly constructed.
The application of electricity to the inside of the stomach by means of electrodes attached to stomach-tubes or bougies is a more {609} difficult procedure, but has its advocates.
Auscultation of the oesophagus during deglutition of water will indicate the seat of stricture by revealing the ascent of consecutive air-bubbles even when palpation with bougies fails.
When the stricture is out of reach of this method, either gum or metallic bougies must be used, beginning with the smaller sizes and deliberately and carefully adding sizes.
It is not necessary to leave these bougiesstanding for hours in a stricture, according to the practice of some; this merely excites inflammation.
The passage of oesophageal bougies or the stomach-tube into the oesophagus will often reveal the point of stricture.
Distend the part gradually by catgut bougies, which by their compression will at the same time diminish the thickness of the membrane, or by bougies of elastic gum, or of horn boiled soft.
Bougies and catheters of elastic gum are sold at N^o 37, Red Lion-street, Holborn, London.
There have been instances of bougies being carried up the urethra into the bladder most probably by an inverted motion of this canal; for which some have undergone an operation similar to that for the extraction of a stone.
For the use of bougies of the larger sizes, the special esophagoscopes with both the light-carrier canal and the drainage canal outside the lumen of the tube are needed.
For the trachea, round, silk-woven, or metallic bougies (Fig.
The purpose of the "string" is to pull up the retrogradebougies (Fig.
To admit the largest sizes of esophagoscopic bougies (Fig.
For the latter work it is essential that the bougies be inspected carefully before they are used, for should a defective tip come off while in the lower air passages a difficult foreign body problem would be created.
Thermic bouginage with electrically heated bougies has been found useful in some cases by Dean and Imperatori.
These endoscopic bougies are made in sizes from 8 to 40, French scale.
Larger and larger bougies are used at the successive treatments which are given at intervals of from four to seven days.
Bougies should be introduced under visual guidance through the esophagoscope, which is so placed that the lumen of the stricture is in the center of the endoscopic field.
Sounding the esophagus with bougies to determine the level of the obstruction, or to palpate the nature of the foreign body, is unnecessary and dangerous.
The strictured lumen is to be centered in the esophagoscopic field, and three successively increasing sizes of bougies are used under direct vision.
A very common method, begun in 1855, is to insert one or two elastic solid bougies into the uterus between the membranes and the uterine wall.
The traumatism of criminal abortion, punctures and lacerations from bougies and curettes, and the exhibition of drugs like ergot and cantharides, are sources and results of abortion.
In order to instil medicated drops or vapours into the Eustachian tube and tympanic cavity; (b) as a preliminary measure to the passage of bougies into the Eustachian tube or to washing out the tympanic cavity through the Eustachian tube.
Bougies are made of various materials, but for ordinary purposes the gum-elastic is the best.
By the passage of bougies through a bronchoscope a stricture of the bronchus has been relieved in a similar manner.
The bougies are now passed in order, commencing with the size which will pass easily.
Treatment is by slow dilatation with Hegar’s bougies over an extended period of time; relapse is common.
Traction by the volsella tends to straighten out the uterine canal, and thus makes the passage of the bougies easier.
Preliminary dilatation of the cervix by bougies may be necessary.
With a gum-elastic bougie this is very rare, but it is more likely to occur if the brittle celluloid bougies are used.
These bougies were rather short and too sharply pointed, and they could not be sterilized by boiling.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "bougies" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
