The general importance of this measure does not belong to our subject; the scutage of Toulouse concerns us here simply because it was levied on church-lands.
A step in this direction was made in 1156, when Henry laid a tax called scutage on Church lands held by knight's service.
Bracton states, the test of tenure was scutage; liability, however small, to scutage payment made the tenure military.
As a matter of fact this tax was less important in the history of taxation than the extension of the principle of scutage which accompanied it.
Evidently he had no intention of abandoning any of his rights or of letting slip any of his power in England because he had been defeated in France, and he called at once for a scutage from those barons who had not gone with him to Poitou.
The scutage of the present year does not seem to have gone beyond this practice.
This was followed by a scutage at the rate of two marks on the knight's fee, determined on at a great council held at Oxford early in January.
Down to this date a scutage had been imposed every year since the king's accession, at the rate of two marks on the fee except on the last occasion when the tax had been twenty shillings.
But, for our present purpose, we must confine ourselves to the scutage proper.
Archbishop Theobald had denounced thescutage of 1156'; and (Early Plant.
It need hardly be observed that the institution of scutage was, on the contrary, long posterior to that of a hide of 120 acres.
Before January was over Pandulf excommunicated him, and a great council granted a special scutage, "the scutage of Bytham," to equip an army to crush the rebel.
A new scutage, the "scutage of Bedford," was imposed on the realm.
Scutage (from scutum, shield) was payment made to the king by persons who owed military service but preferred to give money instead.
Scutage levied by John had been excessively heavy.
Footnote 68: Scutage was imposed on all tenants of knights' fees, but might be reclaimed by the lord if he did the service due.
An acquittance of the collectors of scutage of a sum of 10l.
The gradual substitution of a money economy for a feudal economy, which finds expression in scutage (No.
Soon after he forced them to grant him a scutage of two marks and a half on each knights' fee for an expedition into Normandy; but he did not attempt to execute the service for which he pretended to exact it.
In a sense, scutage was the beginning of taxation; but it was only a commutation for military service, much as a man to-day might pay a substitute to go to war in times of draft.
Twenty-two years before scutage had been substituted for military service; but this was merely a matter of feudal tenure.
No scutage or aid [except the three customary feudal aids] shall be imposed in our kingdom, unless by the Common Council of the realm.
The introduction of scutage is attributed to him, and he certainly had a large share in the acquisition of Brittany.
In November he met some of his nobles at Bury St Edmunds, but as they still refused to pay the scutage no agreement was reached.
Having thus disposed of this matter, the grievances of the barons are again considered, the vexed question of scutage being dealt with.
The first effects of the representative influence in the fiscal domain are the abandonment of the tallages on towns and the decline of scutage as a mode of levy.
Richard had increased the amount of the scutage which Henry the Second had introduced, and applied it to raise funds for his ransom.
There are several entries which state that when the scutage is 40s.
There is an entry, 'One hide gives scutage for a fourth part of one scutum.
The cessation of Danegeld under Henry the Second and his levy of scutage made little change in the general incidence of taxation: it still fell wholly on the land, for even the townsmen paid as holders of their tenements.
Scutage was only due for foreign campaigns: the feudal aids only on rare and stated occasions: and though the fines from the shire-courts grew with the growth of society the dues from the public lands were fixed and incapable of developement.
No scutage or aid shall be imposed in our realm unless by the common counsel of our realm; except for redeeming our body, and knighting our eldest son, and marrying once our eldest daughter.
Now if it please thee, do not delay to make clear what are scutage and murdrum.
Soon after he forced them to grant him a scutage of two marks and a half on each knight's fee for an expedition into Normandy; but he did not attempt to execute the service for which he pretended to exact it.
Richard had increased the amount of the scutage which Henry II.
Innocent III Commands the English Barons to pay their Accustomed Scutage to King John, 1206.
In the thirteenth century Peter des Roches claimed exemption from the payment of a scutage on the ground that he had voted against it, and his claim was held to be valid.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "scutage" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
