As the viscosity of these oils increase, the iodine values decrease, and a slight rise in saponification value and specific gravity is observed.
Primed and second coated with a green paint containing zinc oxide and barytes, ground in an oil having a low saponification value.
Mix these perfectly with the above-mentioned stearic or margaric acids, and carbonated alkali; then add a strong solution of caustic potash or soda, until a perfect saponification is produced.
It is precipitated by tannin, and on saponification by mineral acids, splits up into sugar and a substance soluble in ether.
It is precipitated from a watery solution by tannin, or by basic lead acetate; saponification by dilute acids splits it up into glucose and digitaleretin.
If thesaponification figures fall below 92 and yet the ratio is correct, it is adulterated with some neutral substance like paraffine.
This method would, however, lead to very erroneous conclusions if applied to a mixture of which some of the constituents have higher saponification numbers than beeswax and others higher, as one error would balance the other.
The acid saponification is therefore carried out by another method.
When the saponification is nearly completed either silicate or carbonate of soda or common salt are added to make the soap "short" so as to form the mottle.
The glycerine furthermore receives a higher rating and price, being known as saponification crude which develops no glycols in refining it.
When thesaponification is completed the contents of the autoclave are removed, usually by blowing out the digestor into a wooden settling tank, or by first running off the glycerine water and then blowing out the lime, soap and fatty acids.
The saponification in an autoclave is usually carried out by introducing the fats into the autoclave with a percentage of lime, magnesia or zinc oxide, together with water.
The fatty acids obtained by various methods of saponification may be further improved by distillation.
The chemical definition of saponification is the conversion of an ester, of which glycerides are merely a certain type, into an alcohol and an acid or a salt of this acid.
The saponification and finishing is carried out as with a full boiled soap.
If the proportion is higher than this, it shows that the saponification has been conducted with too high a proportion of alkali, a condition which should be corrected in the kettle room.
For a more exact expression of the free acid in a given fat, the committee recommends that the ratio of acid number to saponification number be used.
Hence it does not contain a soap, and is not a saponificationof fat.
A monobasic fatty acid, obtained by the saponification of myristin.
The sulphuric acid saponification of inferior tallow and other solid or semi-solid fatty bodies is now carried out on a very large scale for producing the cheaper varieties of 'stearine candles.
Tallow converted into stearic acid by saponification is readily hardened and bleached, if moderately pure.
After stirring for some minutes, so as to completely combine the lye and oil, the mixture is left for two days in a warm place, when a slow and gradual saponification of the mass takes place.
Saponification with potash liberates a little ammonia (about 1%), and gives a mixture of the potassium salts of palmitic, margaric and oxymargaric acids.
An important nucleus-synthetic reaction is the saponification of nitriles, which may be obtained by the interaction of potassium cyanide with a halogen substitution derivative or a sulphonic acid.
In another process saponification is effected by means of concentrated sulphuric acid.
Saponification commences in the fat of the female breast, of the cheeks and other parts of the body where large accumulations of fat are found, such as around the kidneys and in the omentum.
The time required for saponificationto take place is sometimes of medico-legal importance.
Saponification can only take place when animal fat is in contact with nitrogenous matter.
In this manner the "saponification number" is obtained.
Kremel has endeavored to utilize titration or saponification with alcoholic potash lye for the examination of volatile oils.
This rising indicates that the process of saponification is going on.
While lavender oils give very high saponification numbers, oil of lemons does not.
Artificial oil of bitter almonds shows higher saponification numbers than the natural oil.
In this case the safrol should be added to the fat after melting and before saponification and thoroughly mixed with it by stirring.
Saponification will be slowly effected from the sides of the kettle in about one hour, the mass in the kettle rising somewhat.
In some cases these combinations are the chief bearers of the specific odor, and hence the determination of the "saponification number" becomes of double value.
The saponification number, less the acid number, gives the "ether or ester number.
The ultimate temperature during saponification must be kept above 400 deg.
The saponification is readily effected by using a sufficiency of alcoholic soda.
By saponificationit is resolved into its two constituents.
A crystalline, fatty acid, obtained by the saponificationof COCOA-NUT OIL.
An acid discovered by Chevreul, and obtained by decomposing caprate of barium with dilute sulphuric acid, or primarily by the saponification of butter or cocoa-nut oil, when it appears combined with butyric, caproic and caprylic acids.
A sweet syrupy liquid formed during the saponification of oils and fats.
In common cases, I would recommend the first combination of the ingredients to be made with somewhat weak, but perfectly caustic lye, and when the saponification is fairly established, to introduce the stronger lye.
While the saponification advances gradually, we shall perceive, after an hour, some fat floating on the surface, like a film of oil, and at the same time the soapy granulations falling to the bottom.
The ebullition is kept up in the gentlest manner possible, and some stronger lye is occasionally added, till the workman judges the saponification to be perfect.
They are very stable towards chemical reagents; for instance, saponification of a mono-sulphone very rarely yields sulphinic acid.
Careful saponification with excess alkali in acetone-aqueous solution at room temperature yielded a tannin very closely resembling tannin, identified as pentagalloyl glucose.
SO3Na is first obtained, which on saponification with soda yields the pure didepside-- HO.
They readily form esters with alcohols, which on subsequent saponification with alkali are converted into the esters of the free hydroxybenzoic acids.
An action suitable for the purpose is the saponification of an ester, such as ethyl acetate.
In practice it is not necessary to combine the saponification of cellulose ester with complete reduction of the nitric acid split off.
For the saponification we employ a solution of sodium ethylate in the cold.
On saponification a portion of the cellulose, in again combining with water, is hydrolysed to soluble products.
The determination of the acetyl by saponification is also subject to an error sufficiently large to preclude the results being applied to solve the point.
The following results with specimens of mono- and dibenzoate, purified, as far as possible, may be cited: Combustion results Saponification results Calc.
On saponificationof these esters with alcoholic sodium hydrate, anomalous results are obtained.
Normal results as regards acid numbers, on the other hand, are obtained by saponification with sodium ethylate in the cold, the product being digested with the half-saturated solution for 12 hours in a closed flask.
On saponification the lecithins split more or less readily into choline, the fatty acids and glycerophosphoric acid, and by fusion with alkali nitrate and carbonate they yield alkali phosphate.
The saponification number and acid number are both very low, but a fatty oil is present.
Whilst saponification is proceeding, the "sugar solution" is prepared by dissolving 50 lb.
When the quantities have been added, steam is admitted and saponification proceeds.
Thorough saponification takes place gradually, and the operation cannot be hurried; special care has to be bestowed upon this operation to effect the complete combination of fat and alkali.
If there is only a small quantity of ester present, this preliminary saponification is unnecessary.
The first essential of a milling base is that the saponification should be thorough and complete; if this is not ensured, rancidity is liable to occur and a satisfactory toilet soap cannot be produced.
The use of lime for the saponification of oils and fats was first adopted on the technical scale for the production of candle-making material, by De Milly in 1831.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "saponification" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
