I have seen no skulls of muticus on which the maxillaries were in contact, and no skulls of ferox on which the maxillaries were separated.
Contact of Maxillaries Above Premaxillaries The contact of the maxillaries above the premaxillaries is of diagnostic value in distinguishing skulls of ferox and spinifer from those of muticus.
He assumes that since palato-maxillaries seem to be absent in the majority of passerine birds, their occurrence in certain nine-primaried oscine groups indicates relationship among these groups.
He assumes, therefore, that palato-maxillaries were evolved to provide for a more effective action of the m.
He points out that all fringillids except the Carduelinae possess palato-maxillaries that are either free or more or less fused to the prepalatine bar.
In front of the anterior margin of the orbit, bone is proliferated dorsal to the main axes of the maxillaries and forms moderate dorsal maxillary flanges.
The premaxillaries are separated medially, and laterally from the maxillaries by sutures.
With further ossification the maxillary processes extend to the maxillariesand form complete bony anterior margins to the orbits; the mid-parts of the nasals widen (Pl.
These differences in shape of the snout are dependent on the nature of the underlying cranial bones, principally the maxillaries and nasals.
The maxillaries bear well-developed dorsal flanges, curve gently, join the moderately convex premaxillaries anteriorly and form a slightly truncate snout.
After the maxillaries and premaxillaries develop, the vomers appear as small horizontal ossifications anterior to the parasphenoid.
Ossification lengthens the posterior termini of the maxillaries to the posterior edge of the orbit.
Ossification proceeds rapidly from the maxillaries medially to the unossified ethmoid, which is the last of the cranial bones to appear.
The maxillaries bear a few teeth anteriorly and are ossified posteriorly to a point one-third of the distance from the anterior to the posterior edge of the orbit.
Maxillaries anchylosed to the premaxillaries, the latter anchylosed to the expanded ossified base of the nasal septum.
The maxillaries are uniformly characterized by the absence of postorbital processes and by the presence of preorbital processes that articulate with the maxillary processes of the nasals.
The partes facialae of the maxillaries are moderately developed in all species, except taurinus, in which the pars fascialis tends to articulate with the lateral margin of the nasal in well-ossified individuals.
The maxillaries and praemaxillaries, which, with the mandibles, form the jaws, are dermal bones.
In this group the premaxillaries and maxillaries are present as in ordinary fishes, but united by suture and soldered to the cranium.
The septo-maxillaries are closely associated with the vomers and form the cavity in which the organ of Jacobson is situated.
There are no posterior processes of the premaxillary; thus the line of fusion with the nasals and septo-maxillaries is broad.
Maxillaries longer than the ectopterygoids; frontal and parietal shields broken up into scales.
The upper and lower maxillaries are united by an extensile ligament and articulated with the tympanic bone, which permits the mouth to be opened very widely when the animal swallows its prey.
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