They over-trumped the Sung by proclaiming the tribal chieftain king of Hsia (990).
The origin of the Hsia state may have been a consequence of the progress due to bronze.
There could be no question of further campaigns against the south, for the Hsia empire in the west had not been destroyed, though some of its territory had been annexed; and a new peril soon made its appearance in the rear of the Chin.
Of the origin of the Shang State we have no details, nor do we know how the Hsia culture passed into the Shang culture.
Meanwhile the Sung observed with malicious pleasure how the Mongols were growing steadily stronger, first destroying the Hsia state and then aiming the first heavy blows against the Juchên.
Some of these tribes definitely once formed a part of the earlier Hsia state.
Soon they caught sight of the head eunuch, Hsia Ping-chung, advancing on horseback, and besides himself, a considerable retinue of eunuchs.
Hsia was a clever fellow, and had acquired some reputation even at the early age of ten.
Ching hung his head and could make no reply; and A-hsia whipped up her mule and disappeared from his sight, leaving him to return home disconsolate.
But he waited and waited, and no A-hsia came; she seemed gone like a stone dropped into the sea.
That night Le dreamt that his old friend Hsia appeared before him and said, "I am the Shao-wei star.
This made Ching furious, but he still hoped that A-hsia would come, and tried to console himself in this way.
Le was not a bit envious, but rather looked up to him, and Hsia in return helped his friend very much with his studies, so that he, too, made considerable progress.
Tzu-hsia said, By wide learning and singleness of will, by keen questions and home thinking we reach love.
Tsai Wo answered, The Emperors of the house of Hsia grew firs round them; the men of Yin grew cypress; the men of Chou grew chestnut, which was to say, Let the people tremble.
The disciples of Tzu-hsia asked Tzu-chang whom we should choose as our companions.
Hsia dynasty, who slew the emperor and usurped his throne, but was afterwards killed in his turn.
He founded the Hsia dynasty, which lasted till 1766 B.
Tzu-hsia said, The small man must always gloss his faults.
Tzu-hsia said, To master the hundred trades, apprentices work in a shop; by learning, a gentleman finds his way.
When he was governor of Chü-fu, Tzu-hsia asked how to rule.
Tzu-hsia said, Though there must be things worth seeing along small ways, a gentleman does not follow them, for fear of being left at last in the mire.
The Master said, Follow the Hsia seasons, drive in the chariot of Yin, wear the head-dress of Chou, take for music the Shao and its dance.
Tzu-hsia said, If we keep within the bounds of honour, we can step to and fro through propriety.
When Tzu-hsia heard this, he said, Yen Yu[173] is wrong.
We must say that Liu-hsia Hui[170] and Shao-lien bent the will and shamed the body.
Diary of a Journey) writes to me that Ning-hsia is still called Irge Khotun by Mongols at the present day.
Hsi Hsia Dynasty of Tangut, their Money and their peculiar Script, J.
I have seen another colossal statue in a cave near Pinchou in north-west Shan-si, and there is another about 45 miles south of Ning hsia Fu, near the left bank of the Yellow River.
Claiming descent from the ancient Chinese Hsia Dynasty of the second millennium B.
Bushell: Inscriptions in the Juchen and Allied Scripts and The Hsi Hsia Dynasty of Tangut.
His disciple Tsze-hsia asked him, 'What course is to be pursued in the case of the murder of a father or mother?
It sent down calamities upon the house of Hsiato make manifest its crimes.
Tsze-hsia said, 'The officer, having discharged all his duties, should devote his leisure to learning.
Tsze-hsia said, 'When a person does not transgress the boundary line in the great virtues, he may pass and repass it in the small virtues.
Tsze-hsia said, 'Even in inferior studies and employments there is something worth being looked at; but if it be attempted to carry them out to what is remote, there is a danger of their proving inapplicable.
Tsze-hsia said, 'My friend Chang can do things which are hard to be done, but yet he is not perfectly virtuous.
The Master said, 'I could describe the ceremonies of the Hsia dynasty, but Chi cannot sufficiently attest my words.
Tsai Wo replied, 'The Hsia sovereign planted the pine tree about them; the men of the Yin planted the cypress; and the men of the Chau planted the chestnut tree, meaning thereby to cause the people to be in awe.
Tsze-hsia said, 'The superior man, having obtained their confidence, may then impose labours on his people.
Tsze- chang asked, 'What does Tsze-hsia say on the subject?
Hui of Liu-hsia being chief criminal judge, was thrice dismissed from his office.
Tsze-hsia said, 'The mean man is sure to gloss his faults.
Another record alleges that the first sovereign of Japan was a son of Shao-kang of the Hsia dynasty (about 850 B.
Their history shows plainly that they recognized the right of men like Tang or Wu to overturn tyrants like Chieh of the Hsia dynasty, and Chou of the Yen dynasty.
At the time of the last Emperor of the Hsia dynasty, the historiographer Chung Ku, fearing that that Emperor might destroy the books treating of the ancient and present time, carried them in flight to Yin.
Thus the works of the Emperor Yu of the Hsia dynasty will not be lost in the future, and the records of the Barren Wastes beyond the boundaries of this Empire will be transmitted to posterity.
Some authors even connect the Hsiawith these groups.
The Hsia state had a ruling group of Toba, but these Toba had become entirely tibetanized.
This one fact alone demonstrates that the Hsia rejected Chinese culture and were nationalistic Hun.
His suggestion is, that the Hsia and Yin dynasties were upset owing to the intimate knowledge of their weaknesses and shortcoming which these former ministers were able to impart to the other side.
Hsia could not employ the former, hence Yin employed him.
The Southern Sung academy did not deliberately produce Ch'an art; it was the Japanese who identified the Ma-Hsia style explicitly with Zen.
Subsequently, the landscapes of the Ma-Hsia school found their way to Japan, and before long a second "Sung dynasty" was in full swing under the Ashikaga.
Hsia Kuei did much the same, except that he took a marked interest in line and often painted foreground trees and rocks in sharp silhouette.
Precursors of this style can be found in the works of Ma Yuan and Hsia Kuei, both of whom experimented in the hard, Northern-influenced techniques of brushstroke, but it was Sesshu who was the true master of the technique.
In due time it was reported by "ghostly go-betweens" that a bride with a suitable horoscope was to be found in the family of Hsia of the neighbouring village of Chao Chia.
Such was a case brought by one Liu Hsia Shih against a harmless old man whose real offence was that he had recommended her to look after her babies instead of "cursing the street.
This was put up by a graduate of the present dynasty named Hsia Shih-yen and others, as a means of bringing good luck to the neighbourhood, and also, perhaps, as a memorial of their own literary abilities and successes.
Among the heads of schools cited in the Chinese writings Ma Yüan and Hsia Kuei of the Sung dynasty must be placed in a class by themselves.
Notes on the Final Draft Constitution" in Tien Hsia Monthly, Vol.
Now he called Ts'ai Hsia to pour a cup of tea for him.
Pao-yü therefore lay himself down at the back of Madame Wang, and called Ts'ai Hsia to come and stroke him.
But Hu Po and Ts'ai Hsia thereupon likewise replenished a cup and put it to lady Feng's mouth.
Ts'ai Hsiawas the only one who still got on well with him, so pouring a cup of tea, she handed it to him.
The fourth division of the Book of History deals with the decadence of the Hsia rulers and their final displacement in B.
We next come to a very famous personage, who founded the Hsia dynasty in B.
From the date of the foundation of the Hsia dynasty the throne of the empire was transmitted from father to son, and there were no more abdications in favour of virtuous sages.
The following is typical of the exchanges recorded between the two: When the Layman was walking with Tan-hsia one day he saw a deep pool of clear water.
Whereupon Tan-hsia scooped up and threw three handfuls of water on the Layman, saying: "What can you do now?
Tan-hsia tries feebly to respond by returning the splash, but he clearly lost the exchange.
The speed of the journey had not abated after Tsing Hsia was left behind at Rhadassim.
All the time the stern and stolid Tsing Hsia listened, and at the end announced that one more Father should be called to the matter--Chi Yuan of Kuderfoi, a three days' journey westward by camel.
He pictured the tranquil and compassionate Chi Yuan, the firmer and more balanced Tsing Hsia to whom the sureness of the retributive forces of life were as inevitable as gravitation.
It is a unit made of the sternness of Tsing Hsia and the gentleness of Chi Yuan.
Here we had to wait twelve whole days before we could procure nine camels and two men who were willing to take us to the town Ning-hsia on the Yellow River, nearly 300 miles off.
All, however, went well, and we came safely to Ning-hsia on the Yellow River.
From Ning-hsia we had 267 miles to the town Pao-te, and now we had to cross the Mongolian district of Ordos, between the Great Wall and the northern bend of the Yellow River.
Tzu Yu said: The followers and disciples of Tzu Hsia are trained well enough in sprinkling and sweeping the floor, in responding and answering questions, in entering and leaving a room.
Tzu Hsia said: He who does not transgress the larger principles of virtuous conduct may be excused for disregarding the boundary line in matters of smaller import.
They replied: Tzu Hsia says, Associate with those who come up to your standard; reject all those who do not.
Tzu Hsia asked, saying: What is the meaning of the passage: "What dimples in her witching smile!
Tzu Hsia said: The wise man will gain the confidence of the people before laying burdens upon them; otherwise, they will consider it oppression.
Tzu Hsia said: Let the official who has time to spare devote it to study; let the student who has time to spare devote it to public affairs.
Tzu Hsia said: The inferior type of man always tries to gloss over his faults.
The disciples of Tzu Hsia asked Tzu Chang about the principles which should govern friendship.
Tzu Hsia said to him: I have heard it said that life and death are divine dispensations, that wealth and rank depend on the will of God.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "hsia" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
