Phthalic acid also is difficult to sulphonate: the sulphonated compound treated with formaldehyde gives only water-insoluble condensation products.
Dihydroxybenzene, resorcinol, is also easily sulphonatedby concentrated sulphuric acid, the brownish-coloured sulphonic acid being easily soluble in water.
COOH, which at higher temperatures is easily sulphonated with concentrated sulphuric acid; the sulphonation product represents a white solid, which easily dissolves in water forming a clear liquid.
The latter are formaldehyde-condensation products of sulphonatedtar oils, or the hydroxylated derivatives of the latter.
Cresol is not so easily sulphonated as is phenol; o-cresol when heated eight to ten hours at 90° C.
A completely sulphonated compound should remain clear on dilution with water, or, in case precipitation occurs, the precipitate should be completely soluble in alkali or ammonia.
The dyeing is then done with anilines or wood-dyes, or a combination of both, and this is followed by fat-liquoring with egg-yolk and a sulphonated oil.
The original tannin is produced by treating a sulphonatedphenol with formaldehyde.
Turkey red oil or sulphonated castor oil is the best knownsulphonated oil.
The tank to be used for the preparation of sulphonated oil should be provided with a valve at the bottom of the tank and a gauge to measure the quantity of liquid therein.
While sulphonated oils are not used to any great extent in the manufacture of soap, they are used very largely in the dyeing and printing of turkey and alizarine reds on cotton as well as other colors.
According to their origin and constitution they may be distinguished as nitro compounds, sulphonated azo compounds and sulphonated basic colours.
Considered from the chemical point of view, they are mostly alkali salts of sulphonated tetrazo colours obtained by diazotizing certain diamido compounds, e.
In 1911, Stiasny, a well-known leather chemist produced a synthetic substance by the condensation of formaldehyde with a sulphonated phenol, forming an artificial tannin.
Of recent years there has been a great extension of the use of sulphonated oils, which have the valuable property of forming an emulsion with water or tan liquor.
The neutralization need not be so thorough as for light chrome uppers, as dyeing is not practised and trouble does not arise with emulsions made from sulphonated oils.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "sulphonated" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
