A fifth melting of the cast iron renders it hard, brittle, and white, through oxidation of silicium and subsequent lowering of the amount of carbon.
Cast iron free of silicium yields on cooling the entire amount of carbon in the amorphous state, while presence of the former metal gives rise to the formation of graphite, and, consequently, causes a partial separation of carbon.
On remelting of cast iron, increase in tensile strength was observed, which attained its maximum in iron with a small percentage of silicium after the third, and in such with a large amount after the fourth melting.
In view of the fact that samples of cast iron with equal percentage of silicium and carbon yield on casting a different product, it has become necessary to institute experiments as to the cause of this behavior.
Avoid sand crucibles, as silicium may be reduced and absorbed by the aluminum, inducing brittleness.
But there exists an alloy (silicium bronze) which can be drawn out into wires having a conductivity equal to that of copper, and a mechanical resistance equal to that of the best iron.
This fact is the more interesting because silicium behaves in other ways very like carbon, is quadrivalent like it, and forms very similar combinations.
To him also is due the isolation of the elements yttrium, beryllium, and titanium, the observation thatsilicium can be obtained in crystals, and that some meteoric stones contain organic matter.
Wöhler and Sainte Claire Deville discovered the crystalline form of boron, and Wöhler and Buff the hydrogen compounds of silicium and a lower oxide of the same element.
Cast iron varies much in chemical composition, being a mixture of iron and carbon chiefly, as constant factors, with which silicium in small quantities (from 1 to 5 per cent.
The two elements to be avoided by the founder are silicium and sulphur.
Of these, silicium is the most usual, and there is probably no cast iron that does not contain a portion of it.
Silicium has been discovered combined with iron to the extent of 3-1/2 per cent.
Iron obtained from the ores by means of coal, is, under circumstances of equality in other respects, more likely to be combined with silicium than when made with charcoal.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "silicium" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
