We have to go back to a level at which all these principal phyla meet, and there we find the Vermalia, the lower of which alone permit connection in an upward direction with the higher phyla.
The withered grass of the meadow corresponds to the numerous extinct tribes, and the few stalks, still green, to the still living phyla of the kingdom Protista.
We must now in turn look upon the varied and much-branching tribe of Worms as the common primary group, out of which (from perfectly distinct branches) arose the remaining tribes, the four higherphyla of the animal kingdom.
For these four phyla have no close relationship whatever among one another, but have grown out from entirely distinct branches of the group of Worms (p.
Milne-Edwards that everything goes to prove that the distinction established by Nature between animals belonging to different phyla is a primordial distinction" (p.
In spite of the efforts of the evolutionists, as of those of the transcendentalists, the phyla or "types" remained distinct, or at best connected by the most general of bonds.
The determination to link together all the main phyla of the animal kingdom and to force them all into a single mould was common to evolutionary and pre-evolutionary transcendentalists alike.
The first three of these are still retained, and may be conceived as natural phylogenetic unities, as stems or phyla in the sense of the theory of descent.
In this way the total number of animal stems or phyla has been raised to eight or twelve (cf.
From the Wasatch onward, the development of manyphyla may be traced in almost unbroken continuity, though from time to time the record is somewhat obscured by migrations from the Old World and South America.
As far back as the record extends they show no sign of becoming merged with other phyla in any synthetic group.
It has, however, been held that certain other Cryptogamic phyla had a common origin with the Ferns.
At any rate the characters of the Sphenophyllales and of the new group Pseudoborniales suggest the existence, at a very early period, of a synthetic race of plants, combining the characters of various phyla of the Vascular Cryptogams.
The characters of the sub-phylum and those of the associated sub-phyla Chaetopoda and Rotifera have been given above, as well as the general characters of the phylum Appendiculata which comprises these great sub-phyla.
Claus speaks of the various Crustacean phyla as having sprung from a Protophyllopod form, and it might be supposed that he considered that they all diverged from the same form.
If the Nauplius ancestor thus reconstructed is admitted to have existed, the next question in the phylogeny of the Crustacea concerns the relations of the various phyla to the Nauplius.
Are the different phyla descended from the Nauplius direct, or have they branched at a later period from some central stem?
They are not closely related, and in the case of each group it is still uncertain with which of the mainphyla they should be united.
The conclusion that the Crustacea and Tracheata belong to two distinct phyla is confirmed by a consideration of their development.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "phyla" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
