The bones in actinomycosis enlarge and become painful; the parts adjacent are infiltrated and soften; pus forms and reaches the surface through fistulae and the skin is often involved secondarily.
Fistulae may result from a congenital defect and can arise from sloughing, traumatism and suppuration.
Fistulae are named from their situation and communication.
The general subject of fistulae is treated at considerable length on folio 205b, and fistula lachrymalis and fistulae of the jaw receive special attention in their appropriate places.
Not less than fifty chapters are devoted to a comparatively full discussion of wounds, fractures and dislocations, lithotomy, herniotomy, fistulae and the various diseases on the border line between medicine and surgery.
Fistulae may form between the vagina and bladder or vagina and rectum; they are generally caused by injuries during parturition or the late stages of carcinoma.
The glans was riddled with holes, and numerous fistulae existed on the inferior surface of the urethra, the meatus being impermeable.
Operations for vesicovaginal fistulae should not be done, as they are dangerous, and are liable to be followed by much hemorrhage and abortion.
Two fistulae were found in the right loin, and were laid open into one canal, which, after partial resection of the 12th rib, was dilated and traced inward and upward, and found to be in connection with the stomach.
Congenital esophagotracheal and esophagobronchial fistulae are occasionally seen, and cases of cervicotracheal fistulae have been reported.
Gastro-duodenal fistulae are more frequently with the third than with the first part of the duodenum.
Those which burrow most readily are the internal fistulae with large openings, into which the feces are pushed, with the sinus running toward the anus, because of their funnel-shape.
The development of fistulae or wandering abscess, the occurrence of pyaemia and peritonitis, necessarily aggravate the prognosis of a simple case.
On the other hand, gastro-cutaneous fistulae are twice as frequently the result of simple ulcer as of cancer (Edinb.
Biliary fistulae communicating externally, caused by the migration of calculi, are comparatively common.
Should several fistulae be found, they should be treated in like manner.
Hemorrhoidal tumors, anal fissures, perirectal abscesses, fistulae communicating externally or with the gut, are found in connection with constipation.
These sinuses may be very tortuous, with pockets, blind passages, or diverticulae, and are known as horseshoe fistulae when they commence at one side of the bowel and ulcerate around it to a point opposite before making an opening.
The various fistulae which have been mentioned may be either direct or through the medium of an abscess.
Gastro-cutaneous fistulae are among the rare results of perforation of gastric ulcer.
Stimulating injections or cauterization has been known occasionally to permanently close fistulae in ano; but such plans of treatment are unreliable, and usually unjustifiable.
The ear probe seems to have been much used for probing wounds andfistulae when a very slender instrument was required.
For example, in describing the treatment of fistulae Celsus says: In has demisso specillo ad ultimum eius caput incidi cutis debet (VII.
Aetius evidently knew much about the hygiene of the teeth, and discusses extraction and the cure of fistulae of the gums as well as the surgical treatment of many other lesions of the mouth.
He divides rectal fistulae into penetrating and non-penetrating, and suggests salves for the non-penetrating and the actual cautery for those that penetrate.
Restoration to health is indicated by decreased suppurative discharges; the openings of the fistulae contract, the general condition is improved, the appetite is restored, etc.
Finally the fistulae heal, the joint becomes fixed at an angle or bent or otherwise crippled, but painfulness disappears and the patient escapes with his life and a stiff leg.
In other cases this extreme result is not caused and fistulae are formed from which the ichor constantly flows.
It is ascertained that all false passages and fistulae by which the urine escapes, become after a time lined with a membrane similar to that of the urethra.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "fistulae" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
